Multicast data delivery carries distinct importance in mobile wireless environments, where bandwidth is limited and transmission channels are shared between users. The development of mobile multicast protocols consequently exhibits emerging interest. As the common approach of Any Source Multicast distribution is burdened with intricate routing procedures, the spread of multicast–enabled network...

This paper reports on an innovative combination of hard and soft methods—soft systems methodology (SSM) with data envelopment analysis (DEA). Problems in defining and agreeing appropriate inputs and outputs for DEA led to the use of SSM as a way or producing a comprehensive and systemic database of performance indicators. The contributions of the paper are: the use of SSM to improve DEA specifi...

Women who require or desire mastectomy for breast cancer one option should be immediate breast reconstruction. Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) describes the surgery that maximises breast skin and infra- mammary fold preservation, significantly improves the symmetry and natural appearance and a more satisfied patient. In multiple studies, SSM seems to be oncologically safe in patients undergoing m...

Spectral self-interference microscopy (SSM) relies on the balanced collection of light traveling two different paths from the sample to the detector, one direct and the other indirect from a reflecting substrate. The resulting spectral interference effects allow nanometer-scale axial localization of isolated emitters. To produce spectral fringes the difference between the two optical paths must...

In this paper, we present a new image indexing and retrieval method for image database applications. We introduce a novel image content description feature termed Scene Structural Matrix (SSM). The SSM captures the overall structural information of the scene by indexing the geometric features of the image. In this work, we also introduce a constraint adaptive image segmentation method termed Mi...

The Active Shape Model (ASM) is a segmentation algorithm which uses a Statistical Shape Model (SSM) to constrain segmentations to 'plausible' shapes. This makes it possible to robustly segment organs with low contrast to adjacent structures. The standard SSM assumes that shapes are Gaussian distributed, which implies that unseen shapes can be expressed by linear combinations of the training sha...

Adsorption and desorption by indoor surface materials can have significant impacts on the level of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) indoors. The surface sink model (SSM) was developed to account for these interactions in an indoor air quality model. Two types of scale-up experiments were conducted to validate the SSM that was developed based on small-scale chamber experiments. Conflicting resu...

e-Government have emerged in several countries. Because of many aspects that must be considered, and because of there are exist some soft components in e-Government, then the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) can be considered to use in eGovernment systems development process. On the other hand, business process modeling is essential in many fields nowadays, as well as in e-Government. Some resear...

This is the third paper in a series of four papers which introduce cybersusy, which is a new mechanism for supersymmetry breaking in the supersymmetric standard model (SSM). In this paper we display some solutions to the constraint equations of BRS cohomology in the SSM. In particular we discuss the leptonic dotspinor pseudosupermultiplets that were used in Cybersusy I to calculate leptonic sup...

We propose an evolutionary state space model (E-SSM) for analyzing high dimensional brain signals (in particular, local field potentials in rats) whose statistical properties evolve over the course of a non-spatial memory experiment. Under E-SSM, brain signals are modeled as mixtures of components with oscillatory activity at defined frequency bands. One unique feature of E-SSM is that the comp...