Many of the most interesting behaviors in the biological world have to do with interactions between species. The predator-prey interactions among aquatic organisms is an interesting part of the natural world which has not been seen much in computer animation. This paper explores the interaction between various sea anemones and the starfish Dermasterias imbricata. Although a simulation between a...

Key species interactions that are sensitive to temperature may act as leverage points through which small changes in climate could generate large changes in natural communities. Field and laboratory experiments showed that a slight decrease in water temperature dramatically reduced the effects of a keystone predator, the sea star Pisaster ochraceus, on its principal prey. Ongoing changes in pat...

Three new ganglioside molecular species, termed PNG-1, PNG-2A, and PNG-2B were isolated from pyloric caeca of the starfish Protoreaster nodosus. Their structures were elucidated using a combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods, and characterized as 1-O-[8-O-methyl-N-acetyl-α-neuraminosyl-(2→3)-β-galactopyranosyl]-ceramide for PNG-1, 1-O-[β-galactofuranosyl-(1&#8594...

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Abstract Population irruptions of Pacific crown-of-thorns starfish ( Acanthaster cf. solaris ) have caused substantial damage to coral reefs, but it is largely unknown how this asteroid will fare in a warmer ocean. We exposed these one four thermal treatments, with final temperatures 26 °C (control, annual average), 28 (summer 30 maximum) and 32 (predicted summer maximum by 2100). measured the ...