A general form of the Hamiltonian for electrons confined to a curved one-dimensional (1D) channel with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) linear in momentum is re-derived and is applied to a U-shaped channel. Discretizing the derived continuous 1D Hamiltonian to a tight-binding version, Landauer-Keldysh formalism (LKF) for nonequilibrium transport can be applied. Spin transport through the U-channel bas...

An energy storage system (ESS) in a power system facilitates tasks such as renewable integration, peak shaving, and the use of ancillary services. Among the various functions of an ESS, this study focused on frequency regulation (or secondary reserve). This paper presents an optimal scheduling algorithm for frequency regulation by an ESS. This algorithm determines the bidding capacity and base ...

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to characterize commercial cylindrical Li-ion cells under different state-of-charge (SOC) conditions and up 300 charge/discharge cycles monitor state-of-health (SOH) status. The study included the effect of temperature access better resolution time constants related redox reactions at electrodes. EIS in 10 kHz–1 mHz frequency range allowed e...

Electrochemical impedance and self-discharge studies were carried out to investigate lithium intercalation into bare and Ni-coated KS10 graphite. Values of the charge-transfer resistances, exchange current densities, surface film resistances, and lithium-ion diffusion coefficients as functions of the state of charge (SOC) all favored the 10 wt % Ni composite KS10 graphite over bare KS10 graphit...

For lithium iron phosphate batteries (LFP) in aerospace applications, impedance spectroscopy is applicable the flat region of voltage-charge curve. The frequency-dependent pseudocapacitance at 0.15 Hz presented as useful state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) indicator. same battery type, prediction error better than 1% for a quadratic calibration curve, less 36% linear model. An appro...

26650 LiFePO4 battery, as an ideal energy storage battery for the smart grid system, has shortcomings of fast aging speed and large dispersion trend, which is reason accelerating system aging. However, it noted that with high trend shows characteristics grouping. Therefore, to prolong life, this paper proposes a state-of-charge (SOC) state-of-health (SOH) double-layer equalization scheme batter...

Considering the expanding use of embedded devices equipped with rechargeable batteries, especially Li-ion batteries that have higher power and energy density, the battery management system is becoming increasingly important. In fact, the estimation accuracy of the amount of the remaining charges is critical as it affects the device operational autonomy. Therefore, the battery State-Of-Charge (S...

Non-uniformity of Lithium-ion cells in a battery pack is inevitable and has become the bottleneck to the pack capacity, especially in the fast charging process. Therefore, a balancing approach is essentially required. This paper proposes an active online cell balancing approach in a tfast charging process using the state of charge (SOC) as balancing criterion. The goal of this approach is to co...

Accurate state of charge (SoC) estimation of batteries plays an important role in promoting the commercialization of electric vehicles. The main work to be done in accurately determining battery SoC can be summarized in three parts. (1) In view of the model-based SoC estimation flow diagram, the n-order resistance-capacitance (RC) battery model is proposed and expected to accurately simulate th...