BACKGROUND Tissue compression and noxious stimuli are known to elicit pain from neural tissues in the spine. Compression of nerve roots due to decreases in the intervertebral foramina may be caused by posture, sustained loading and disc height loss, herniation, or altered mechanics. It has been established that non-neutral postures combined with repeated loading can cause disc herniations, howe...

Numerical simulation of the compacting of particles for the biaxial compression test using the discrete element method is presented. Compacting is considered as the first independent step required for a proper simulation of the entire compression process. In terms of the continuum approach, compacting is regarded as generation of the initial conditions. Three different compacting scenarios with...

Molecular dynamics simulations of opposing polymer brushes at varying surface separation distances were performed to develop a method for conducting a static compression of soft matter. As all separation distances were represented by independent simulations, the proper solvent density for every level of compression needed to be determined to acquire realistic data. This was accomplished by main...

Hearing-impaired patients have limited hearing dynamic range for speech perception, which partially accounts for their poor speech understanding abilities, particularly in noise. Wide dynamic range compression aims to compress speech signal into the usable hearing dynamic range of hearing-impaired listeners; however, it normally uses a static compression based strategy. This work proposed a str...

Solids usually become harder and tougher under compression turn softer at elevated temperature. Recently, the compression-induced softening heating-induced hardening dual anomaly was predicted in group VB elements such as vanadium. Here, evidence for this counterintuitive phenomenon is reported. By using accurate high-temperature, high-pressure (HP) sound velocities measured Hugoniot states gen...

the narrow operating window between pore pressure and fracture pressure makes drilling difficult in some operations. a feasibility study of managed pressure drilling (mpd) is carried out on iran darquain oil field. the previous wells drilled in this field showed that mud returns were lost during drilling gadvan formation. the present work addresses this problem by means of surface back pressure...