This paper considers the problem of choosing between an existing component whose reliability is well established and a new component that has an unknown reliability. In some scenarios, the designer may have some initial beliefs about the new component’s reliability. The designer may also have the opportunity to obtain more information and to update these beliefs. Then, based on these updated be...

Gait analysis is used for non-automated and automated diagnosis of various neuromuskuloskeletal abnormalities. Automated systems are important in assisting physicians for diagnosis of various diseases. This study presents preliminary steps of designing a clinical decision support system for semiautomated diagnosis of knee illnesses by using temporal gait data. This study compares the gait of 11...

Much of the debate over the underlying causes of discrimination centers on the rationality of employer decision making. Economic models of statistical discrimination emphasize the cognitive utility of group estimates as a means of dealing with the problems of uncertainty. Sociological and social-psychological models, by contrast, question the accuracy of group-level attributions. Although mean ...

This paper presents a new axiomatic decision theory for choice under uncertainty. Unlike Bayesian decision theory where uncertainty is represented by a probability function, in our theory, uncertainty is given in the form of a likelihood function extracted from statistical evidence. The likelihood principle in statistics stipulates that likelihood functions encode all relevant information obtai...

In this short paper, we briefly describe some recent progress on statistical decision making for budget allocation in crowdsourcing. We address the budget allocation problem for two important labeling tasks in crowdsourcing: the categorization labeling task and pairwise ranking aggregation. We also show the connections between our work and the “proactive learning” framework proposed by Jaime Ca...

integrated urban management means adopting a holistic approach to urban management and designing appropriate mechanisms for this approach’s requirements in practice. the integration of the urban activities brings together organizational , structural and institutional activities and action in which the urban development is supported. in order to achieve integration, it is essential to identify f...

this is a cross sectional study with aim of assessment and comparison between parents and female adolescents ' attitudes about the role of peers in decision making of adolescent in tehran. in this study 160 mother, 160 father and 160 female adolescents participated. with random selection 160 female adolescent with 14-19 years old from north, south , east and west of tehran were selected an...

introduction: customer satisfaction has been suggested as one of the interesting and challenging issues of management in the new millennium. in addition, oral and dental health and the quality of the services the health centers delivered to the patients directly affect the customer satisfaction. therefore, the present study aimed to identify, investigate, and rank the factors affecting the cust...

results all the frames that were examined leaded to significant framing effects: when the asia disease problem was described in a positive frame, the participants preferred the conservative frame than the risky one, while if in a negative frame, the preference reversed (p < 0.01). if the drug effect was described as “of 100 patients taking this kind of medicine, 70 patients became better”, peop...