As the discovery of wrongful convictions grows, so does concern in the legal community and public sphere about actual innocence. Though research on miscarriages of justice has grown tremendously, most has focused on the factors contributing to wrongful convictions, with relatively little attention paid to the post-release struggles of exonerees. Specifically, social scientists have not yet exam...

Since American legislatures began passing bias crime statutes (which set more severe penalties for crimes committed from biased motives) in the 1980s, many legal philosophers have argued that such statutes are unjust on the grounds that they punish character traits and feelings rather than actions and intentions. It is unjust to punish character traits and feelings, these authors have supposed,...

BACKGROUND A series of state-level statute changes have allowed pharmacists to provide influenza vaccinations in community pharmacies. The study aim was to estimate the effects of pharmacy-based immunization statutes changes on per capita influenza vaccine prescriptions, adult vaccination rates, and the utilization of other preventive health services. METHODS A quasi-experimental study that c...

This Note assesses the effect of laws that specifically criminalize behaviors that expose others to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This Note examines the relationship between HIV testing decisions by high-risk individuals and the existence of these HIV-specific statutes, as well as the amount of media coverage related to them. One of the main reasons public health experts criticize cri...

Throughout recent years, legislations concerning emission levels for vehicles have become more restrictive and will be even more restrictive in the future. In the recent European environmental standards, EURO 4 (2006) and EURO 5 (2008), further requirements have been added on top of low emission demands. All heavy duty trucks have to be equipped with an OBD-system. Scania CV AB has today an exi...

This paper provides an appraisal of countries that have legislations pertaining to assisted reproductive technologies (ART). In doing so, the paper highlights the emphasis on the protection of reproductive freedom of the couples seeking ART treatment. This belief is grounded primarily on the basic notion of liberalism that attaches primary importance to respect for individual freedom, which is ...

This article deals with selection standards for national sport teams. The author examines the legal framework for selection criteria and suggests using the most honest criteria. Keywords—National teams, Standards of forming teams, Selection standards, Sport legislations.

OBJECTIVE The prevalence of obesity has increased significantly since the 1950s. Currently, more than one-third of adults are obese. This study includes the review of 611 bills that were introduced over the past 10 years for the purpose of reducing obesity. DESIGN Bills were obtained from state legislature Web sites and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Division of Nutritio...

among the significant issues relating to interpretation of laws is whether a later law will abrogate an earlier one or just qualify it. as it seems that disagreement exists between the meaning of a general and a specific law, it should be discussed whether the specific law qualify the general one or abrogate it. in this article, the nature of abrogation will be discussed. then, various kinds of...

© 2007 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors 599 When the physician’s role of caring for patients collides with the duty of societal protection, a dramatic and controversial dynamic occurs that often strains the doctor–patient relationship. Nowhere is this more salient than in the case of a patient with mild dementia who the physician thinks may be an unsafe driver. In most Canadian pro...