High cost of training time caused by multi-step adversarial example generation is a major challenge in training. Previous methods try to reduce the computational burden using single-step schemes, which can effectively improve efficiency but also introduce problem “catastrophic overfitting”, where robust accuracy against Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) achieve nearby 100% whereas Projected Desc...

INTRODUCTION Most existing conventional capacity building and educational programs are currently executed on ad-hoc basis. Such approach no longer responds to the needs and capabilities of patients, supporters and healthcare providers in their engagement with and contribution to response to HIV/AIDS. In contrast, long-term, course-like trainings have considerably broader thematic scope and are ...

BACKGROUND Improper catheterization can lead to urethral injury. Yet research from four continents suggests training of junior doctors in catheterization is insufficient. European research suggests a majority of catheterization related morbidities occur when the procedure is performed by interns. METHODS To assess the knowledge and practices of medical interns relating to urethral catheteriza...

background & aim: undoubtedly, the knowledge and skills of the employees lead to the survival of the organization. the purpose of this study is to investigate the important issues in designation and implementation of staff in-service training models to determine a framework for designing the efficient nursing continuing education models. methods & materials: this study is a structured review ba...

BACKGROUND Parents are the ones who decide whether or not to participate in parent focused prevention trials. Their decisions may be affected by internal factors (e.g., personality, attitudes, sociodemographic characteristics) or external barriers. Some of these barriers are study-related and others are intervention-related. Internal as well as external barriers are especially important at the ...

Successful protein secondary structure prediction is an important step towards modelling protein 3D structure, with several practical applications. Even though in the last four decades several PSSP algorithms have been proposed, we are far from being accurate. The Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network (BRNN) architecture of Baldi et al. [1] is currently considered as one of the optimal computa...

BACKGROUND The Brain Atrophy and Lesion Index (BALI), a semi-quantitative rating scale, has been developed to evaluate whole brain structural changes in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE This study describes a standard procedure to score the BALI and train new raters for reliable BALI evaluation following this procedure. METHODS Structural MRI of subjects in the Alzheimer's Dise...