Although scaling and root planing is a cost-effective approach for initial treatment of chronic periodontitis, it fails to eliminate subgingival pathogens and halt progressive attachment loss in some patients. Adjunctive use of systemic antibiotics immediately after completion of scaling and root planing can enhance the degree of clinical attachment gain and probing depth reduction provided by ...

High quality craft manufacturers adapting industrialized approaches to design and manufacturing face the challenge of maintaining the unique quality in their craft manufacturing while realizing improvements in efficiency through their industrialization process. We studied how quality is ensured and built into the products of one highly industrialized lean manufacturer and one craft manufacturer...

an art. However, throughout this century the scientific emphasis has been predominant. Technology has been considered as being applied science and craft as being applied art. In medicine we may consider clinical practice as both the applied science and also the applied art of medicine since it combines both the technology and the craft. (Fig. 1). Teaching or researching the craft of medicine wi...

This research seeks to look into a design process of the development of a model for teaching and learning traditional craft courseware called CDTC model. Specifically, this research focuses on analysis and design phase. The model was developed according to an established methodology and it is relied upon a conceptual framework consisting of four development phases starting from Analysis, Design...

In a randomized clinical trial, 90 concerned significant others (CSOs) of treatment-refusing illicit drug users were assigned to either (a) community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT), which teaches behavior change skills: (b) CRAFT with additional group aftercare sessions after the completion of the individual sessions: or (c) AI-Anon and Nar-Anon facilitation therapy (AI-Nar FT). All ...

While most stepped spillway design guidelines were developed for uniform step heights, a nonuniform stepped design might be a practical alternative in some cases. A physical study was conducted in a moderate slope stepped chute (1V:2H) and five stepped configurations were tested for 0.7 < dc/h < 1.9. Detailed air-water flow measurements were performed for each configuration and the results were...

BACKGROUND Stepped wedge randomised trial designs involve sequential roll-out of an intervention to participants (individuals or clusters) over a number of time periods. By the end of the study, all participants will have received the intervention, although the order in which participants receive the intervention is determined at random. The design is particularly relevant where it is predicted...

As the size of quartz resonator continues to shrink, beveling of the plano-plano quartz crystal is needed to reduce mounting loss and to sustain energy trapping so to have low motional resistance for oscillation. The beveling process though is time consuming and difficult to control for small size and low frequency quartz crystals. In recent years, studies on stepped electrode (a.k.a bi-mesa el...

BACKGROUND Revised guidelines for depression recommend a stepped care approach. Little is known about the implementation of the stepped care model by general practitioners (GPs) in daily practice. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the performance of Dutch GPs in their general practice regarding important elements of the stepped care model (identification, severity assessment and stepped care treatment a...

This article proposes that social scientists should explicitly recognize the existence of consumers who engage in ‘craft consumption’ and, hence, of an additional image of the consumer to set alongside those of ‘the dupe’,‘the rational hero’ and the ‘postmodern identity-seeker’. The term ‘craft’ is used to refer to consumption activity in which the ‘product’ concerned is essentially both ‘made ...