Synthetic stimulants can cause hallucinations, aggressive behaviors, death and are sometimes legal. These substances are sold as plant food and bath salts that are "Not for Human Consumption", therefore skirting the 1986 Federal Analogue Act and giving a false pretense of safety. Studies have proved that these substances are toxic, have a high abuse potential, and are becoming extremely prevale...

Learning takes place within a web of social relationships as teachers and pupils interact both formally and informally. Schools are institutional spaces for communities of learners, including both students and teachers. Education to be effective in schools, the environment needs to be conducive to learning, allowing the pupils space and time to interact within the learning and teaching process....

Education to be effective in schools, the environment needs to be conducive to learning, allowing the pupils space and time to interact within the learning and teaching process. Creating and maintaining stimulating learning environments can be achieved through effective classroom organization, interactive and whole school displays and a climate of innovation. Learning is directly linked to stim...

Synthetic stimulants can cause hallucinations, aggressive behaviors, death and are sometimes legal. These substances are sold as plant food and bath salts that are “Not for Human Consumption”, therefore skirting the 1986 Federal Analogue Act and giving a false pretense of safety. Studies have proved that these substances are toxic, have a high abuse potential, and are becoming extremely prevale...

AIM To describe the use of psycho-stimulants in the Netherlands between 1996 and 2006 in children and adolescents, and in relation to age and sex. METHODS With the pharmacy prescription database the IADB.nl, yearly prevalences of psycho-stimulants per 1000 children were calculated, as was the length of psycho-stimulant use with Kaplan-Meier method in SPSS 12.0. RESULTS Psycho-stimulant use ...

Study of Crowd dynamics has had significant overlaps with models of biological swarms. Understanding and directing human crowds have also been of long-standing interest. In this paper, we describe a few basic cognitive processes that account for life cycle of typical human crowds. Individuals change their behavior with stimulants that attract a crowd. A crowd remains in place and behaves as a c...

The early morning routine before school can be a particularly challenging time for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Morning-dosed stimulants often fail to adequately address ADHD symptoms impaired functioning, due the delay in their onset of effect, which has significant impact on entire family. Clinicians should consider treatments that are effecti...

An argument in the cognitive enhancement literature is that using stimulants in populations of healthy but socially disadvantaged individuals mistakenly attributes pathology to nonpathological individuals who experience social inequalities. As the argument goes, using stimulants as cognitive-enhancing drugs to solve the social problem of poorly educated students in inadequate schools misattribu...

PURPOSE We systematically assessed the efficacy and safety of appetite stimulants in the management of cancer-related anorexia. Literature databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of appetite stimulants in the treatment of cancer anorexia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies were graded according to quality. Fifty-five studies met inclusion criteria. RESULTS Only two drugs have ev...