BACKGROUND Brain stimulation is a technique that can guide brain plasticity and thus be suitable to treat chronic pain-a disorder that is associated with substantial reorganisation of CNS activity. In fact, the idea of using invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation for pain relief is not new. Studies from the 1950s investigated the use of this therapeutic method for the treatment of chronic ...

Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation (STN DBS) is a well-established and effective treatment modality for selected patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Since its advent, systematic exploration of the effect of stimulation parameters including the stimulation intensity, frequency, and pulse width have been carried out to establish optimal therapeutic ranges. This review examines publish...

A major limitation of many functional electrical stimulation (FES) applications is that muscles tend to fatigue very rapidly. It was hypothesized that FES-induced muscle fatigue could be reduced by randomly modulating the pulse frequency, amplitude, and pulse width in a range of +/-15%. Seven subjects with spinal-cord injuries participated in this study. FES was applied to quadriceps and tibial...

Abstract Polysynaptic activity is necessary to engage the neural circuitry that controls motor behaviour and crucial recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) [1]. responses can be elicited with stimulation, there are few reports on these types of in human electrophysiology, most them describing as constant fixed stimuli. However, we have observed fluctuate amplitude time. Amplitude variations an...

Objective—To investigate the relation between the variation of the parameters of stimulation and the clinical eVectiveness in parkinsonian patients treated with deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), to provide information on the electrical parameter setting and the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation. Methods—Ten patients with Parkinson’s disease bilaterally implant...