In this article, we sketch procedures for taking the census, making adjustments, and evaluating the results. Despite what you read in the newspapers, the census is remarkably accurate. Statistical adjustment is unlikely to improve on the census, because adjustment can easily put in more error than it takes out. Indeed, error rates in the adjustment turn out to be comparable to—if not larger tha...

background: heat stress is a common and usual problem in industries. several indices, including wet bulb globe temperature (wbgt), are used to evaluate heat stress. however, wbgt index has limitations such as high cost and response time. it is not thus suitable as a screening tool. heat strain scoring index (hssi) is also an observational-judgmental technique that has been developed for primary...

Temperature is a crucial factor for the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries. During operation, internal temperature rises above external due to poor inner thermal conductivity. Various sensors have been proposed detect temperature, including fiber Bragg grating sensors. However, authors’ knowledge, there no detailed description encapsulation sensor in literature shield it from strain. In th...

Ferritic stainless steel (FSS) grades are widely used for applications that require high strength and corrosion resistance. Their cost versatility in the market have attracted a lot of interest from both industry academic research. Despite their desirable properties, these steels experience surface defects as result microstructural evolution evolves due to softening mechanism. The current study...

Animals store elastic energy in leg and foot tendons during locomotion. In the turkey, much of the locomotive force generated by the gastrocnemius muscle is stored as elastic energy during tendon deformation. Little energy storage occurs within the muscle. During growth of some avians, including the turkey, leg tendons mineralize in the portions distal to the attached muscle and show increased ...

In this paper, a 3D non-local lattice bond model is proposed to fracturing behaviors of materials. First, the formulations and detailed derivation for three-dimensional models are obtained by comparing strain energy stored in discrete with classical continuum energy. Then, capabilities verified using benchmarks. To further assess performance model, brittle solids predicted. Compared previous nu...

This paper proposes an algorithm to evaluate dissipation energy of isotropic continuum damage mechanics model with adaptive time-step control approach. The takes place at each integration point under the scope finite element analysis. total amount one structure can be used verify conservation law energy, where summation elastic strain and should equal work by external force. However, shows that...

Speed and size are two important factors while designing the electronic system. It’s Speed of operation and flexibility to modify, measures the performance of the system operation. Microprocessor/microcontroller (MPMC) system can handle sequential operations with high flexibility and use of Complex Programmable Devices (CPLD) can handle concurrent operations with high speed in small size area. ...

AIMS To develop a natural fungicide against aflatoxigenic fungi, to protect stored rice, using the essential oil of lemongrass. METHODS AND RESULTS Aspergillus flavus Link. was isolated from stored rice and identified as an aflatoxigenic strain. Lemongrass oil was tested against A. flavus and the test oil was fungistatic and fungicidal against the test pathogen at 0.6 and 1.0 mg ml(-1), respe...