OBJECTIVE We present the longest follow-up, to date, of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City firefighters who participated in the rescue/recovery effort. METHODS We examined data from 11,006 WTC-exposed firefighters who completed 40,672 questionnaires and reported estimates of probable PTSD by year from...

Overuse of sedation in patients treated with mechanical ventilation can increase duration of ventilation, duration of delirium, and time to discharge. Although current principles of care include implementation of sedation protocols and/or daily interruptions in sedation to improve patients' outcomes, these strategies remain underused. Historically, a barrier to use of protocols has been a perce...

Increases in milk yield have made cows more susceptible to heat stress than they were 10 or 20 years ago. A high-producing cow starts to experience an increase in body temperature at air temperatures as low as 80EF or less. As a result, heat stress is a problem throughout most of the country, even in places as far north as Wisconsin and New York. Cows that are exposed to heat stress suffer decr...

the objective of this article is to present the established components with regard to the visual quality and legibility of isfahan city according to lynch’s theory. data was gathered in isfahan mainly by way of observation and interviews. additional information was obtained from historical data and urban documents. in the opinion of the citizens, the zayandehrood river, as a natural urban compo...

background: patients awaiting surgery typically experience significant physical and psychological stress. vital signs and serum cortisol level are altered in response to anxiety. the aim of this study was to assess the effects of preoperative education on physiological indices and cortisol level of female patients undergoing elective surgeries. materials and methods: in this single-blinded rand...