Structural congruences have been used to define the semantics and to capture inherent properties of language constructs. They have been used as an addendum to transition system specifications in Plotkin’s style of Structural Operational Semantics (SOS). However, there has been little theoretical work on establishing a formal link between theses two semantic specification frameworks. In this pap...

Magnetic skyrmions exhibit particle-like properties owing to the topology of their swirling spin texture, providing opportunities to study crystallization of topological particles. However, they mostly end up with a triangular lattice, and thus, the packing degree of freedom in the skyrmion particles has been overlooked so far. We report a structural transition of the skyrmion lattice in MnSi. ...

A reversible structural transition of an epitaxial La(2/3)Sr(1/3)MnO3 film deposited on a LaAlO3 substrate has been investigated by means of in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction, combined with image and diffraction calculations. We observe that the crystallographic symmetry of the film can be lowered via electron beam irradiation, leading to a rhombo...

Three different film systems have been systematically investigated to understand the effects of strain and substrate constraint on the phase transitions of perovskite films. In SrTiO3 films, the phase transition temperature Tc was determined by monitoring the superlattice peaks associated with rotations of TiO6 octahedra. It is found that Tc depends on both SrTiO3 film thickness and SrRuO3 buff...

Pentaphenyl trimethyl trisiloxane is an isotropic liquid at room temperature with a dynamic glass transition at 224 K. Using x-ray reflectivity, we see surface density oscillations (layers) develop below 285 K, similar to those seen in other metallic and dielectric liquids and in computer simulations. The layering threshold is approximately 0.23 times the liquid-gas critical temperature. Upon c...

Weighted transition systems are defined, parametrized by a commutative monoid of weights. These systems are further understood as coalgebras for functors of a specific form. A general rule format for the SOS specification of weighted systems is obtained via the coalgebraic approach of Turi and Plotkin. Previously known formats for labelled transition systems (GSOS) and stochastic systems (SGSOS...

The authors would to like to add a citation to a previously published article on a similar topic: Domokos, Gábor, and Timothy J. Healey. "Multiple helical perversions of finite, intrinsically curved rods." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 15.03 (2005): 871–890. This work relates to the present paper in the following way: the authors numerically study the response of a uniform rod ...

We present results from finite element calculations on electrorheological fluids consisting of bidispersed dielectric microspheres and nanoparticles suspended in liquid, with one type much smaller than the other. The face-centered-cubic (fcc) structure of the larger microspheres is shown to be the ground state when the volume concentration of the nanoparticles is between 3-5 %. This is in contr...