BACKGROUND While several studies have documented the importance of hand washing in the university setting, the added role of environmental hygiene remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to characterize the personal and environmental hygiene habits of college students, define the determinants of hygiene in this population, and assess the relationship between reported hygiene be...

UNLABELLED Limited vaccine availability and the potential for resistance to antiviral medications have led to calls for establishing the efficacy of non-pharmaceutical measures for mitigating pandemic influenza. Our objective was to examine if the use of face masks and hand hygiene reduced rates of influenza-like illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed influenza in the natural setting. A cluster...

In standard life-cycle models, borrowing enables young adults to smooth consumption, but for those who are indebted and face high borrowing costs, parental co-residence could serve as an alternative smoothing mechanism. This paper investigates if young adults use parental co-residence to smooth consumption by examining the relationship between debt characteristics which are typically associated...

The nuclear physics experiments at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility often require longitudinally polarized electrons to be simultaneously delivered to three experimental halls. The degree of longitudinal polarization to each hall varies as function of the accelerator settings, making it challenging in certain situations to deliver a high degree of longitudinal polarization to ...

In this paper I claim that organizational routines have a great potential for change even though they are often perceived, even defined, as unchanging. I present descriptions of routines that change as participants respond to outcomes of previous iterations of a routine. Based on the changes in these routines I propose a performative model of organizational routines. This model suggests that th...

In recent years several classic halls for chamber music were renovated and a few halls of similar capacity were built in Russia. We have selected the most interesting ones and measured their acoustical parameters. Here we are presenting detailed descriptions of five halls in Moscow, Tula, Ufa and Penza in combination with the measurement data. Some of them have long reverberation time and their...

Ceiling shapes for concert halls are proposed that, on the basis of prior extensive subjective evaluations, should result in high listener preference of the hall's acpistoca; response tomusic. These shapes are based on the premise that as little as possible of the early sound energy should arrive at a listener's ears in the "median" plane (the vertical symmetry plane through the listener). Whil...

A mean residence time (MRT) is an important pharmacokinetic parameter. To the author's knowledge, however, a physiologically based structure of MRT (thereafter MRT structure) has not been published so far. Primarily this is because MRT structures cannot be identified by traditional pharmacokinetic methods used for the determination of MRT. Therefore, tools from the theory of linear dynamic syst...