We address the question how citation-based bibliometric indicators can best be normalized to ensure fair comparisons between publications from different scientific fields and different years. In a systematic large-scale empirical analysis, we compare a traditional normalization approach based on a field classification system with three source normalization approaches. We pay special attention t...

Spasmodic dysphonia is a disabling voice condition caused by a chronic neurological disorder of central motor processing. Present therapy is directed at relief of symptoms rather than cure. Botulinum toxin type A injection into the thyroarytenoid muscle has become the pre-eminent approach for treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia. Botulinum toxin A injections can be performed in an out-pati...

ARM-TO-TONGUE CIRCULATION time 11 is widely used as a clinical test for the presence of cardiac failure.'To our knowledge, there have been no objective studies relating the actual time of arrival of an injected substance to its subjectively reported end point. Preliminary observations suggested that a delay of several seconds occurs. Since this represents a significant fraction of the total cir...

While most quality studies measure purely the subjectively perceived quality of videos, physiological measurements can give more detailed information about the perception of multimedia consumers. Thus, they provide better information about long-term effects as they are difficult to estimate by purely subjective studies. The current study uses electroencephalography (EEG) to measure effects of f...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Persons with cognitive impairment, as assessed by cognitive tests, are at a higher risk of stroke. Subjective memory complaints might be an earlier marker for stroke, especially in persons with higher education. Their cognitive reserve might mask their cognitive impairment during cognitive testing. In a population-based setting, we investigated the association between sub...

This sociological study aims to understand the subjective experience of health and illness of the inhabitants of Ocuituco (Mexico). This interpretation is made in connection with the social and subjective contexts of this town. Four factors characterize Ocuituco's social context: (1) economic deprivation (poverty); (2) male domination (patriarchy); (3) a process of medicalization; and (4) a dec...

Past studies have shown that a native Spanish speaker’s use of phrasal prominence is a good indicator of her level of English prosody acquisition. Because of the cross-linguistic differences in the organization of phrasal prominence and durational contrasts, we hypothesize that those speakers with English-like prominence in their L2 speech are also expected to have acquired English-like rhythm....

Using a representative sample of Italian investors, we estimate the risk associated with pension benefits by eliciting for each individual the subjective distribution of the replacement rate as a summary indicator of social security wealth. We find substantial heterogeneity of pension risk and show that it is consistently related to observable features in the pension system that have different ...