With the explosion of knowledge all around us, it is becoming increasingly difficult for any of us in science to keep up with the latest ideas and findings of our disciplines. Maybe more importantly, the incessant pressure of dealing with the “new” at times threatens to submerge any appreciation we may have of the broader historical intellectual context from which current concerns in our discip...

Values are critical for intelligent behavior, since values determine interests, and interests determine relevance. Therefore we address relevance and its role in intelligent behavior in animals and machines. Animals avoid exhaustive enumeration of possibilities by focusing on relevant aspects of the environment, which emerge into the (cognitive) foreground, while suppressing irrelevant aspects,...

Kervaire and Milnor's germinal paper [15], in which they used the newly-discovered techniques of surgery to begin the classification of smooth closed manifolds homotopy equivalent to a sphere (homotopy-spheres), was intended to be the first of two papers in which this classification would be essentially completed (in dimensions > 5). Unfortunately , the second part never appeared. As a result, ...

Tidal inundation is the primary driver of intertidal wetland functioning and will be affected by sea- level rise (SLR). The morphology estuaries friction across surfaces influences tidal propagation; accordingly, sea-level not only increases frequency, but also alter other parameters, such as range. To investigate responses estuarine vegetation, primarily mangrove saltmarsh, to SLR an eco-morph...

Climate change has increased the frequency and severity of flooding events, with significant negative impact on agricultural productivity. These events often submerge plant aerial organs and roots, limiting growth and survival due to a severe reduction in light reactions and gas exchange necessary for photosynthesis and respiration, respectively. To distinguish molecular responses to the compou...

Measuring the metabolic of sea turtles is fundamental to understanding their ecology yet the presently available methods are limited. Accelerometry is a relatively new technique for estimating metabolic rate that has shown promise with a number of species but its utility with air-breathing divers is not yet established. The present study undertakes laboratory experiments to investigate whether ...

Z-fiducial phantoms allow three-dimensional ultrasound probe calibration with a single B-scan. One of the main difficulties in using this phantom is the need for reliable segmentation of the wires in the ultrasound images, which necessitates manual intervention. In this article, we have shown how we can solve this problem by mounting a thin rubber membrane on top of the phantom. The membrane is...

Tidal floods (rob floods) have become hazardous disasters due to their potential submerge an area. Appropriate measures are necessary address the existing disaster threat in order prevent undesirable consequences. This research aims investigate how community of Mangkang Wetan and its structural government respond tidal floods, thus assessing preparedness both dealing with such disasters. The st...

ABSTRACT - 687127 Most oil spill response strategies, tactics, and equipment are designed to address floating oil. Previous research historic events have shown that spilled can suspend (i.e., submerged oil) or sink sunken as a function of the oil's density relative receiving waters. Processes such wave action current velocity, sediment entrainment, weathering (e.g., evaporation) may change buoy...

Background: The archaeological and ethnographic heritages of Mongolia reflect a multi-millennial continuity typically mobile-pastoral occupations across sparsely populated, environmentally diverse landscapes, but the threats modernisation industrialisation to those are nevertheless present substantial. construction Erdeneburen Hydroelectric Dam on Khovd River in west...