BACKGROUND Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is a rare and fatal ocular malignancy that is mostly classified as diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). PVRL is often fatal because of its association with the central nervous system (CNS). PVRL frequently masquerades as uveitis and sometimes recurs in clinical findings as keratic precipitates (KPs) and subretinal lesions. Pseudohypopyon is one...

Recent evidence suggests that the adult mammalian retina is far more plastic than was previously thought. Retinal detachment induces changes beyond the degeneration of outer segments (OS). Changes in photoreceptor synapses, second- and even third-order neurons may all contribute to imperfect visual recovery that can occur after successful reattachment. Changes that occur in Müller cells have ob...

BACKGROUND To assess the effectiveness of the current vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) grading system according to the international classification of VUR (ICVUR) and to evaluate whether VUR grading accuracy could be improved by renal ultrasonography (RU) according to the Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) grading system. OBJECTIVES Therefore, this study assessed the accuracy of the current VCUG stag...

Uveitis is a major cause of vision loss. Methotrexate (MTX) has been widely used in uveitis due to its relatively safe profile. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different dosages of MTX via intra-vitreal administration for treatment of endotoxin induced uveitis (EIU) in an experimental model. Thirty-five healthy rabbits were randomly divided into four groups and all ...

AIMS To compare the ability to detect cystoid macular edema (CME) and its late complications between spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and fluorescein angiography (FA). METHODS Retrospective, observational, case series. 85 Eyes who had FA and SD-OCT performed on the same day at first visit and/or at follow-up visits were included. FA and SD-OCT images were evaluated for th...

Renin angiotensin system (RAS) is a key hormonal system which regulates the cardiovascular function and is implicated in several autoimmune diseases. With the discovery of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a protective axis of RAS namely ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas that counteracts the deleterious ACE/AngII/AT1R axis has been established. This axis is emerging as a novel target to attenuate oc...

Due to transparent ocular media, it is relatively easy to observe intraocular tissues such as the vitreous and retina without invasion, and various administration approaches including intravitreal and subretinal injection, or implantation can be applicable. Since the eye-ball is a closed organ, novel therapeutic molecules such as an antisense oligonucleotide for cytomegalovirus retinitis (Fomiv...

A patient with uveitis and retinal pigment epithelial detachments underwent an extensive medical examination and pars plana vitrectomy in an attempt to confirm the clinical diagnosis of reticulum cell sarcoma. None of these examinations revealed the presence of malignancy. Transscleral biopsy of subretinal lesions confirmed the histopathological diagnosis of reticulum cell sarcoma. The patient ...