The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of saffron as a natural sunscreen and moisturizer. The pollens of the saffron were dried and powdered in a grinder. The experimental formulations included a homosalate (8%) lotion reference, lotions with 2, 4 and 8% of grinded saffron, and the control lotion base without saffron. The lotions containing saffron were prepared like homosal...

In the last decade, awareness of the harmful effects of solar ultraviolet radiation has increased. Modern lifestyles, outdoor occupations, sports and other activities make total sun avoidance impossible. Children spend more time outdoors than adults and there is compelling evidence that childhood is a particularly vulnerable time for the photocarcinogenic effects of the sun. Sun exposure among ...

In vitro evaluation of sun protection activity of some medicinal herbs by SPF determination, to find out which herbal extracts have the best protection activity and can be used as sunscreen agent. Sun rays are the most environmental harmful factor which affect skin, cause sun burn and photo aging. According to the previous studies the plant’s flavonoids are suitable absorbents for UV rays. In t...

We have applied a PCR-based methodology to study the DNA damage induced by UV-A, UV-B and sunlight itself. Our results, employing a cell-free system, indicate that UV-B (310 nm) is approximately 30-fold more potent at inhibiting DNA synthesis than UV-A (365 nm). We were also able to show that 20 min of sunlight exposure on a summer day induced DNA damage capable of inhibiting DNA synthesis. Hen...

Cholecystokinin Facilitates Neuronal Excitability in the Entorhinal Cortex via Activation 1 of TRPC-like Channels 2 Shouping Wang, An-Ping Zhang, Lalitha Kurada, Toshimitsu Matsui and Saobo Lei 3 From Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and 4 Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, USA; Department of 5 Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-se...

Hong-shi Zong, Shi Qi, Wei Chen, Wei-min Sun, and En-guang Zhao 1 Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China 2 CCAST(World Laboratory), P.O. Box 8730, Beijing 100080, P. R. China and 3 Institute of Theoretical Physics, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100080, P. R. China Abstract A modified method for calculating the pion vacuum susceptibility from an effectiv...

This paper compares three most common job management systems and their workings with Sun HPC ClusterTools 3.1. Various aspects such as installation, customization, scheduling and resource control issues are discussed. The three chosen systems are: Load Sharing Facility (LSF), Portable Batch System (PBS) and COmputing in DIstributed Networked Environment (CODINE)/ Global Resource Director (GRD)....

Previous theoretical work suggests that magnetic reconnection in the solar corona should occur along particular topological boundaries in the coronal magnetic Ðeld known as separators. Thus, a ÐeldÏs topological structure predicts the locations of X-ray/EUV loops, assuming enhanced emission is related to reconnection. We use this topological model in a theoretical study of the statistical prope...

It is often debated that the protection against solar-induced erythema under real conditions is dependent upon the amount of sunscreen applied. It is believed that when too little is applied a lower sun protection than indicated on the label will result. The aim of this study was to quantify this effect. In this multicenter study, the influence of three different amounts (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/cm(2)...