Copper (Cu) is a micronutrient that has roles in photosynthesis, respiration, antioxidant activity, cell wall metabolism and hormone perception. Excess Cu is toxic and therefore its delivery has to be tightly regulated. Recent progress in the study of Cu homeostasis has revealed not only components of the Cu delivery machinery but also regulatory systems that control Cu-protein expression and c...

A mathematical model of heat transfer in continuous casting copper slabs capable of producing experimental data has been constructed and validated against experimental data provided by the management of Copper Refineries Ltd., Townsville plant in Australia. It has been used to predict the effects of major casting variables; metal temperature, casting speed and metal conductivity. The results ca...

Copper has been extensively used as the active principle of fungicides, since the late 1800s when the “Bordeaux mixture” was developed and its spectacular efficiency proved against fungal pathogens such as downy mildew, which is a large threat to winegrowers. Although initially it seemed to improve plant growth in unproductive lands, repeated use of copper-based fungicides has led to the accumu...

Introduction Ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) is ;I blue multi-copper oxidase that catalyses the four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water with concomitant one-electron oxidation of tlie reducing organic substrate [ 1 1. Copper-dependent A A O is found only in higher plants 12 I. The enzyme from Cucurbitu pep0 medullosa (green zucchini) is ;I dimer of 14OOOO-M,. containing eight copper ions of th...

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a valuable model for studying metal metabolism in a photosynthetic background. A search of the Chlamydomonas expressed sequence tag database led to the identification of several components that form a copper-dependent iron assimilation pathway related to the high-affinity iron uptake pathway defined originally for Saccharomyces cerevisiae....

The sorption efficiencies of graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) were investigated and elucidated to study their potential in treating acid mine drainage (AMD) containing Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Fe3+ and Cd2+ metal ions. Several layered GO nanosheets and f-MWCNTs were formed via the modified Hummers’ method and the acid treatment of the MWCNTs, respec...

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A novel electrochemical device was used to recover copper metal from an inorganic chemicals process effluent. In a sidestream pilot-plant demonstration, the copper content was continuously reduced from an average of 20 mg/l to less than 2 mg/l. The basic concepts, laboratory testing, and pilot-plant demonstration are described. General Future water-pollution regulations may require effluent con...

Two Arabidopsis thaliana genes (HCC1 and HCC2), resulting from a duplication that took place before the emergence of flowering plants, encode proteins with homology to the SCO proteins involved in copper insertion during cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly in other organisms. Heterozygote HCC1 mutant plants produce 25% abnormal seeds with defective embryos arrested at the heart or torpedo stage...

Of the essential inorganic minerals, the micronutrients (manganese, iron, copper, and zinc) have held special interest in plant physiology because of their chemistry, duality as both nutrient and toxin, availability, and biogeochemical history. The green tissues of plants readily exhibit visual symptoms of metal deficiency, and even before the role of metals in photosynthesis was understood, th...