This study concerns the retinotopic organization of the ganglion cell fibres in the visual system of the frog Xenopus laevis. HRP was used to trace the pathways taken by fibres from discrete retinal positions as they pass from the retina, along the optic nerve and into the chiasma. The ganglion cell fibres in the retina are arranged in fascicles which correspond with their circumferential posit...

Spiral groove entrapment neuropathy is a compression that can occur for various reasons due to the superficial course of radial nerve at level spiral groove. Since repetitive movements play role in development mechanism neuropathy, compelling and triceps muscle may predispose neuropathy. In this case, 61-year-old male patient who developed low hand after long-term use lawnmower presented. The w...

BACKGROUND Extremity lipomas may occur in any location, including the proximal forearm. We describe a case of a patient with an intramuscular lipoma presenting as an unusual posterior elbow mass. CASE PRESENTATION We discuss the case of a 57-year-old Caucasian man who presented with a tender, posterior elbow mass initially diagnosed as chronic olecranon bursitis. A minor sensory disturbance i...

BACKGROUND TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) is probably the most diffused physical therapy used for antalgic purposes. Although it continues to be used by trial and error, correct targeting of paresthesias evoked by the electrical stimulation on the painful area is diffusely considered very important for pain relief. AIM To investigate if TENS antalgic effect is higher in th...

Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is a recognized treatment for the temporary relief of refractory palmar hyperhidrosis. Unfortunately, intradermal injection of BTX-A can be painful. Several modalities to reduce the pain of injection have consequently been devised. Peripheral nerve blockade with lidocaine before BTX-A treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis is a safe and effective method of pain relief....

The aim of this study was to find out whether discharging pin sites following Kirschner-wire fixation of distal radial fractures warrant early wire removal. In a prospective study of 50 patients with a closed distal radial fracture treated by manipulation and either percutaneous or mini-incision Kirschner-wiring, we identified 14 patients (28%) with discharging pin sites. All of the cases were ...