Accurate measurement and knowledge of dose delivered under eye shield during superficial X-ray radiotherapy is required for patient peripheral dose assessment. Critical structures can include the cornea, lens and retina. Measurement of dose under eye shields has been historically performed with Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLD's) due to their small size and design. Restrictions include the ene...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Endoscopic resection is one treatment option for residual or locally recurrent esophageal cancer after definitive chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone. However, little is known about the clinical benefit of salvage endoscopic resection for these lesions. Therefore, the effectiveness and prognostic factors of salvage endoscopic resection were investigated. PATIENTS...

BACKGROUND To retrospectively review the efficacy and organ preservation experience for muscle-invasive bladder cancer by trimodality therapy at our institution. METHODS Between July 2004 and February 2012, seventy patients (M/F = 55/15; median age = 69 years) of lymph node negative localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer were treated primarily with trimodality approach including transurethr...

Flattening filter-free (FFF) beams produce higher dose rates. Combined with compensator-based intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques, the dose delivery for each beam can be much shorter compared to the flattened beam MLC-based or flattened beam compensator-based IMRT. This 'snap shot' IMRT delivery is beneficial to patients for tumor motion management. Due to softer energy, superfic...

BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can be used as a less invasive treatment option for superficial esophageal cancer involving the muscularis mucosae (T1a-MM) or upper third of the submucosa (T1b-SM1). Additional treatment after ESD is needed to prevent lymph node metastasis. However, the efficacy of radiotherapy following ESD has not been well evaluated. Moreover, the clinical o...

AIM We aim to evaluate the National Cancer Institute (NCI) treatment protocol and its outcome regarding recurrence, progression and survival in patients with T1G3 urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a retrospective study, between January 2001 and December 2007, all 34 patients with T1G3 bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), after complete transurethral re...

background: superficial mucocele presents as small, clear vesicle on noninflamed mucosa. in this study, we report several vesicles on the bucal mucosa of a woman diagnosed as superficial mucocele.case presentation: a 48-year old woman presented with multiple vesicles on her labial mucosa, ventral surface of the tongue, floor of the mouth and palate. a mucosal biopsy was taken from the vesicle. ...