It has been known that the ungrammaticality of (1b) is due to the violation of the Superiority Effect (SE) to the effect that WH is not allowed to move over another c-commanding WH (Chomsky 1995) unless the WH is the D-linked (Discourse-linked) phrase like which apple, which carries an implication that there exists a set of entities that can be determined from the context (Pesetky 1987). In oth...

We propose a systematic investigation on how to modify a preference relation in a defeasible logic theory to change the conclusions of the theory itself. We argue that the approach we adopt is applicable to legal reasoning, where users, in general, cannot change facts and rules, but can propose their preferences about the relative strength of the rules. We provide a comprehensive study of the p...

_____________ Gender differences in Arabic spelling accuracy of 288 Arabic speaking students from grade 1 to grade 9 were assessed. The spelling errors of these students were analyzed according to the paradigm of Abu-Rabia and Taha (2004). The results showed that generally across all ages/grades girls made fewer spelling errors, especially in the phonological and semiphonological spelling error...

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When the aim of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to show that one treatment is superior to another, a statistical test is employed and the trial (test) is called a superiority trial (test). Often a nonsignificant superiority test is wrongly interpreted as proof of no difference between the two treatments. Proving that two treatments are equal in performance is impossible with statistica...

Simon [Sim97] as extended by Brassard and Høyer [BH97] shows that there are tasks on which polynomial-time quantum machines are exponentially faster than each classical machine infinitely often. The present paper shows that there are tasks on which polynomial-time quantum machines are exponentially faster than each classical machine almost everywhere.