We analyze a planning model for a firm or public organization that needs to cover uncertain demand for a given item by procuring supplies from multiple sources. Each source faces a random yield factor with a general probability distribution. The model considers a single demand season. All supplies need to be ordered before the start of the season. The planning problem amounts to selecting which...

This study considers the problem of a vendor which supplies an item to the buyer with imprecise partial backlogging rate of unsatisfied demand and non instantaneous deterioration rate considering variable holding cost, the effect of inflation and time value of money. The supplier’s lead time is a stochastic function of his managing cost. The extra costs incurred by the retailer due to the uncer...

Given the current economic climate in healthcare, cost containment has become the newest buzzword in the literature and on the lecture circuit. Cost cutting simply must be done. One of the easiest ways to show reduction in costs is to decrease the dollar amount spent on pharmaceutical supplies by the anesthesia department. Those methods of cost cutting which look at the bottom line expenditures...

Patients with chronic diseases often face financial barriers to optimize their health. These financial barriers may be related to direct healthcare costs such as medications or self-monitoring supplies, or indirect costs such as transportation to medical appointments. No known framework exists to understand how financial barriers impact patients' lives or their health outcomes.We undertook a gr...

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort analysis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the economic impact of revision surgery for proximal junctional failures (PJF) after thoracolumbar fusions for adult spinal deformity (ASD). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA PJF after fusions for ASD is a major cause of disability. Although clinical sequelae are described, PJF-revision operation costs are incompletely defined. ME...

BACKGROUND Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals will require careful allocation of resources in order to achieve the highest impact. The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) has been used widely to calculate the impact of maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) interventions for program planning and multi-country estimation in several Lancet Series commissions. As use of the LiST model increases, ...

INTRODUCTION While smoke alarm installation programs can help prevent residential fire injuries, the costs of running these programs are not well understood. METHOD We conducted a retrospective cost analysis of a smoke alarm installation program in 12 funded communities across four states. Costs included financial and economic resources needed for training, canvassing, installing, and followi...

In this paper, we develop a multi-objective stochastic programming approach for supply chain design under uncertainty. Demands, supplies, processing, transportation, shortage and capacity expansion costs are all considered as the uncertain parameters. To develop a robust model, two additional objective functions are added into the traditional comprehensive supply chain design problem. So, our m...

OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to estimate the annual direct healthcare cost of type 2 diabetes mellitus healthcare and its complications in Lithuanian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study uses a prevalence-based top-down approach. The random sample of study participants was formed using the database of the National Health Insurance Fund under the Lithuanian Ministry of ...

" By 2030 demand for food will increase by 30 per cent and for water by 30 per cent, " said Guthrie. The report says that many countries were now using water unsustainably, by turning to desalination, which demands large amounts of energy, and by drawing on 'fossil' groundwater laid down millions of years ago. Libya, Algeria, and Saudi Arabia are taking vast quantities of fossil water from deep...