The effects of increased photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), UV radiation (UVR), and nutrient supply on photosynthetic activity, pigment content, C:N ratio and biomass yield were studied in tank cultivated Gracilaria conferta (Rhodophyta). Electron transport rate (ETR) and biliprotein content were higher under high nutrient supply (HNS), obtained from fishpond effluents, compared to low nutr...

In extensive oil-related literature, less attention has been paid to Asia and particularly little evidence is known for oil-refining countries. This paper examines how the economy of an country reacts oil price shock performs cross-country comparisons with oil-exporting oil-importing Singapore (oil refiner), Japan importer), Malaysia exporter) are analysed through a structural vector autoregres...

This paper uses a simple money demand and supply framework to estimate the impact of quantitative easing (QE) on asset prices and nominal spending. We use standard money accounting to try to establish the impact of asset purchases on broad money holdings. We show that the initial impact of £200 billion of asset purchases on the money supply was partially offset by other ‘shocks’ to the money su...

This short note has one main ambition. It seeks to provide students with a very simple macroeconomic framework deal the short-term economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic. The explanation for unprecedented magnitude recession over span time is be found in peculiar form shock due various lockdowns. Indeed, 2020 crisis specific that it involved two recessive shocks simultaneously: demand superimpose...

We search for useful models of aggregate fluctuations with inventories. We focus exclusively on dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models that endogenously give rise to inventory investment and evaluate two leading candidates: the (S,s) model and the stockout avoidance model. Each model is examined under both technology shocks and preference shocks, and its performance gauged by its ability...

We comprehensively examine the effects of stock return volatility on firms’ financial and investment decisions. Consistent with theories of investment with financing frictions, firms with high volatility actively reduce their leverage, cut investment, increase cash holding, cut non-cash current assets such as inventories and account receivables, and cut dividend. The effects of volatility are s...

This paper develops an analytically tractable general equilibrium model of inventory dynamics. Inventories are introduced into a standard RBC model through a precautionary stockout-avoidance motive. Under persistent aggregate demand shocks, the model is broadly consistent with the U.S. business cycle and key features of inventory behavior, including (i) a large inventory stock-to-sales ratio an...

Distinguishing pure supply effects from other determinants of price and quantity in the market for loans is a notoriously difficult problem. Using German data, we employ Bayesian vector autoregressive models with sign restrictions on the impulse response functions in order to enquire the role of loan supply and monetary policy shocks for the dynamics of loans to non-financial corporations. For ...

This paper builds on previous papers describing our ongoing research in automated market-mechanism design: using a genetic algorithm (GA) to find optimal parameter-settings for softwareagent traders that operate in virtual “e-marketplaces”, where the rules of the marketplaces are also under simultaneous control of the GA. The aim is that the GA automatically designs new agentbased e-marketplace...

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the effect monetary policy shocks on credit supply in Tunisia, using a vector autoregressive model and nonlinear interactive model. The focus is magnitude these presence foreign banks. variables interest are concentration index deposit banks, based monthly data 27 universal business banks covering period 1993 to 2016. results support positive signifi...