Very high surface area activated carbons (AC) are synthesized from pine cone petals by a chemical activation process and subsequently evaluated as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications in a nonaqueous medium. The maximum specific surface area of ∼3950 m(2)  g(-1) is noted for the material treated with a 1:5 ratio of KOH to pine cone petals (PCC5), which is much higher than that ...

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Specific leaf area (SLA) is a critical component of the leaf economics spectrum, and many functional leaf traits have been empirically demonstrated to covary with SLA. However, a complete understanding of how change in leaf size influences SLA has not yet emerged. • METHODS To help develop a more complete understanding of the determinants of variability in S...

Introduction Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) have excellent properties in power density and durability compared with secondary batteries. Recently, development of advanced capacitors with high energy density is active because the storage devices with high power density have huge market in the fields of hybrid vehicles, mobile instruments and so on. The singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SW...

The aim of this study was to assess the regional effects of fire on the surface cover and forage production of mountainous rangelands of Delfan County, Lorestan province, Iran. The fire took placed in June 2007 with significant effects on the vegetation characteristics in the study area. Four fire affected sites were selected for sampling and a close area without fire was considered as control....

Three-dimensional hierarchical nanostructures were synthesized by the halide chemical vapor deposition of InGaN nanowires on Si wire arrays. Single phase InGaN nanowires grew vertically on the sidewalls of Si wires and acted as a high surface area photoanode for solar water splitting. Electrochemical measurements showed that the photocurrent density with hierarchical Si/InGaN nanowire arrays in...

We prove some generic properties for Cr , r = 1, 2, . . . ,∞, areapreserving diffeomorphism on compact surfaces. The main result is that the union of the stable (or unstable) manifolds of hyperbolic periodic points are dense in the surface. This extends the result of Franks and Le Calvez [8] on S to general surfaces. The proof uses the theory of prime ends and Lefschetz fixed point theorem.

A. We study the surface area of an ellipsoid in E as the function of the lengths of theirmajor semi-axes. Wewrite down an explicit formula as an integral over Sn−1, use the formula to derive convexity properties of the surface area, to sharpen the estimates given [6], to produce asymptotic formulas in large dimensions, and to give an expression for the surface in terms of the Lauricella ...

We consider the problem of estimating the surface area of an unknown n-dimensional set F given membership oracle access. In contrast to previous work, we do not assume that F is convex, and in fact make no assumptions at all about F . By necessity this means that we work in the property testing model; we seek an algorithm which, given parameters A and , satisfies: • if surf(F ) ≤ A then the alg...

Scaling up microbial fuel cells (MFCs) requires a better understanding the importance of the different factors such as electrode surface area and reactor geometry relative to solution conditions such as conductivity and substrate concentration. It is shown here that the substrate concentration has significant effect on anode but not cathode performance, while the solution conductivity has a sig...

in this paper the density and temperature dependencies of surface tension are investigated. using the lennard-jones (12,6), as an effective pair interaction potential, a linear expression is derived for isotherms of g /r2  versus r2 for some normal and chlorofluorocarbons (cfcs) fluids, where  is surface tension and r = 1/v is molar density. the linearity behavior of the derived equation is wel...