2 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclo...

Burn injury is one of the most common and devastating forms of trauma and a major health problem of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. The risk of infection in pediatric burns is well-known. An observational checklist was used by the researcher to assess the patients’ characteristics and factors related to burn injury and infection from 1037 pediatric patients. The observational data ...

A stagnation-flow burner facility was used to study the catalytic surface reactions of premixed combustion systems at atmospheric pressure. The configuration serves as an important platform to investigate the interaction between homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions with independent control of the characteristic chemical and physical residence time scales. Methane/oxygen/nitrogen and propane/...

We simulated fuel reduction treatments on a 16,000 ha study area in Oregon, US, to examine tradeoffs between placing fuel treatments near residential structures within an urban interface, versus treating stands in the adjacent wildlands to meet forest health and ecological restoration goals. The treatment strategies were evaluated by simulating 10,000 wildfires with random ignition locations an...

Hot surface ignition was examined using a variety of heat sources in a series of premixed hydrocarbon, hydrogen, and air mixtures. Building off previous work, hexane-air, heptane-air and hydrogen-air experiments were performed in addition to the eventual hexane-hydrogen-air mixtures. Using high-speed schlieren photography, thermocouples, and a fast-response pressure transducer, flame characteri...

This paper treats the problem of tracking contours of flames captured by PLIF imaging using geodesic paths and level sets. Successive images of the combustion process captured in controlled experiments are smoothed by non-linear diffusion filtering then active contour models are used to obtain the curves that most accurately describe the flame boundary. These curves are matched using the concep...

In this study, the phase transition characteristics of flame-synthesized γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles to α-Al2O3 have been investigated. The nanoparticles were synthesized by using a coflow hydrogen diffusion flame. The phase transition and particle characteristics of the Al2O3 nanoparticles were determined by examining the crystalline structure and the shape of the collected nanoparticles before and ...

The Stochastic Fields approach is an effective way to implement transported Probability Density Function modelling into Large Eddy Simulation of turbulent combustion. In premixed turbulent combustion however, thin flame-like structures arise in the solution of the Stochastic Fields equations that require grid spacing much finer than the filter scale used for the Large Eddys Simulation. The conv...

A series of large-scale experiments were performed to measure heat transfer to a massive cylindrical calorimeter engulfed in a 30-minute circular-pool fire. The calorimeter inner surface temperature and the flame black body emissive power were measured at several locations as functions of time. An inverse conduction technique was used to determine the net heat flux to the calorimeter. Light win...