In this paper, a study of the Doppler Beam Swinging (DBS) technique for horizontal wind estimation using an imaging radar is presented. The primary goal is to quantify effects of temporal and spatial inhomogeneities in the quality of DBS wind estimates. The DBS technique has been extensively applied to Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) radars, including boundary layer radars (BLR), to o...

In tomographic adaptive-optics (AO) systems, errors due to tomographic wavefront reconstruction limit the performance and angular size of the scientific field of view (FoV), where AO correction is effective. We propose a multi time-step tomographic wavefront reconstruction method to reduce the tomographic error by using measurements from both the current and previous time steps simultaneously. ...

Radiometers are adept at retrieving near surface ocean wind vectors. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) launched the WindSat polarimetric radiometer with five frequency channels to observe the sea surface and test its ability to accurately measure the wind in various weather conditions. This study focuses on its performance in extreme conditions – the high wind and heavy precipitation of a tro...

Some early results of the TerraSAR-X observations of the northeastern Adriatic bora wind are presented in this paper. TerraSAR-X is a German X-band radar satellite launched in 2007 that carries phased array X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) operating in different polarizations and providing multiple imaging modes. SAR backscatter can be used to derive wind fields at spatial resolution that ...

Using an integrated physical and biological approach, we examined across-shelf advection and exchange and the associated transport of bivalve larvae in the presence of a strong coastal current separated from the coast by a stratified inshore environment. We tested the hypothesis that the interface of the coastal current and inshore waters can act as an ecological barrier to across-shelf transpo...

The use of surface electromyography (SEMG) has increased exponentially in the past four decades. SEMG is one of the most widespread measures employed today in psychophysiological assessment and one of three primary biofeedback modalities. This article briefly outlines three areas that the author believes are important for SEMG to address if it is to continue to flourish in the future: applicati...

A wind scatterometer makes measurements of the normalized radar-backscatter coefficient of the ocean surface. To retrieve the wind, a geophysical model function (GMF), which relates to the near-surface wind, is used. The wind vector can be estimated using maximum-likelihood techniques from several measurements made at different azimuth angles. The probability density of the measured is assumed ...

We present a cognitive psychology experiment where participants were asked to select pairs of spatial directions that they considered to be the best example of Two Different Wind Directions. Data are shown to violate the CHSH version of Bell’s inequality with the same magnitude as in typical Bell-test experiments with entangled spins. Wind directions thus appear to be conceptual entities connec...

Surface currents play a major role in the distribution of contaminants, the connectivity of marine populations, and can influence the vertical and horizontal distribution of nutrients within the water column. This paper aims to determine the effects of sea breeze-wind patterns on the climatology of the surface currents on the continental shelf surrounding Rottnest Island, WA Australia. The alte...

Our purpose is to detect ocean surface features, specifically oceanic thermal fronts, through analysis of SAR (synthetic aperture radar)-derived wind stress fields. Fine-resolution measurements of near-surface wind speeds over the Gulf Stream region of the Northwest Atlantic were made using SAR images collected by RADARSAT-2. Linear statistical relationships between the wind stress curl and div...