Cholangiocarcinoma is the 2nd most common primary hepatic malignancy with an incidence in the United States ranging from 0.40.9/100,000 with 5 year survival estimated at 2.6-4.4% [1]. The average age at diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma is 50 years old with curative options including surgical resection, neoadjuvant chemoradiation, and liver transplantation [2]. Staging is based on anatomic locati...

Uterine leiomyosarcoma is a rare form of sarcoma with limited treatment options and a high potential for distant recurrence. At the time of diagnosis, swift action should be taken to initiate treatment. Options for treatment include surgical debulking and disease staging, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. The purpose of this article is to review the disease epidemiology, presentation at d...

Esophageal cancer continues to be a major health problem with an associated poor prognosis. New technology is being applied to the staging of this cancer. The new staging system requires assessment of depth of wall penetration and lymph node status prior to resection. To determine penetration and node status with a high degree of accuracy generally requires some combination of chemotherapy, mag...

Gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgical resection is the only cure available and is dependent on the GC stage at presentation, which incorporates depth of tumor invasion, extent of lymph node and distant metastases. Accurate preoperative staging is therefore essential for optimal surgical management with consideration of preoperative a...

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the developed world. Most cases are diagnosed at an early stage and have low-grade histology, portending an overall excellent prognosis. There exists a subgroup of patients with early, high-risk disease, whose management remains controversial, as current data is clouded by inclusion of early stage tumors with different high-risk fe...

The Lung Cancer Study Group (LCSG) assured objective surgical/pathologic staging of clinical trial patients by requiring histologic examination of lymph nodes from anatomically identified specific mediastinal locations. Therefore, within the larger population of heterogeneous patients with lung cancer, subsets of more homogeneous patients were identified. The addition of mediastinal exploration...

Thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMC OA) is a common disease, affecting up to 11% and 33% of men and women in their 50s and 60s, respectively, which leads to pain, laxity and weakness of the CMC joint. Based on the staging of the CMC OA, different forms of treatment can be used, including both conservative and surgical measures. Surgical options include osteotomy, trapezial excision, ligam...

A case of comprehensive laparoscopic surgical staging for ovarian dysgerminoma in a 13-year-old girl is described. A 20-cm pelvic mass, rising from right adnexum, was incidentally diagnosed, and the patient underwent laparoscopic right salpingo-oophorectemy. Pathologic findings were consistent with diagnosis of pure dysgerminoma. We then performed laparoscopic staging including peritoneal washi...

In this paper a pre-operative non-invasive technique for evaluation and staging of lymph nodes in order to optimize surgical planning is presented. Lymph node stiffness is an useful information for staging and is usually obtained with surgical intervention. In our work 3D dynamic models of lymph nodes are obtained from medical scans. Lymph node models are inserted in a laparoscopy simulator dev...

Neuroblastoma is the most frequent solid extra-cranial malignant tumor in children. A proper staging of the disease allows the selection of the appropriate treatment, including the surgical approach. The present review aims to discuss and illustrate the role of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MRI) in the differential diagnosis of the retroperitoneal or mediastinal masses, prior...