Up to now, there was very little work on studying the revocation problem in existing hierarchical ID-based encryption (HIBE) systems. Certainly, all existing HIBE systems may inherit the revocation method suggested by Boneh and Franklin to revoke illegal or expired users, in which non-revoked users must periodically update their private keys using secure channels by contacting their ancestors i...

PKI has a history of very poor support for revocation. It is both too expensive and too coarse grained, so that private keys which are compromised or otherwise become invalid remain in use long after they should have been revoked. This paper considers Instant Revocation, or revocations which take place within a second or two. A new revocation scheme, Certificate Push Revocation (CPR) is describ...

Background: There has been little interest in the research literature on public opinions regarding assisted conception and surrogacy, particularly in Iran. Nevertheles, the growing evidence shows that problems in adaptation and coping may be related to perceived normative values. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, questionnaires on attitudes to surrogacy were completed by 187...

A fundamental problem inhibiting the wide acceptance of a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) in the Internet is the lack of a mechanism that provides scalable certificate revocation. In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism called Windowed Revocation. In windowed revocation, certificate revocation is announced for short periods in periodic Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs). Due to the assuran...

Surrogacy is a family building option for people unable to conceive or carry pregnancy. In heterosexual couples seeking surrogacy, woman who not the intended father’s partner, facilitates this Whilst normative discourses reinforced by contemporary healthcare policies highlight importance of involving fathers throughout pregnancy, little known about heterosexually partnered men’s experiences sur...

Providing health care for a woman with a surrogate pregnancy involves unique challenges. Although the ethical debate surrounding surrogacy continues, Canada has banned commercial, but not altruistic, surrogacy. In the event of a custody dispute between a surrogate mother and the individual(s) intending to parent the child, it is unclear how Canadian courts would rule. The prenatal health care p...

This paper provides an overview of surrogacy and the potential complexities involved in commissioning a surrogate baby. It reflects on the lead author’s previous surveys on this difficult topic that were conducted in 1997 and 2003. It offers an insight into the legal and ethical viewpoints on the matter that are held by various countries. Introduction: What is a Surrogate? Van Den Akker (2010) ...

The article is devoted to the study of legal framework surrogacy as a method assisted reproductive technologies in Republic Belarus and European Union countries. Based on identified models regulation surrogacy, countries are divided into three groups. specific features traditional gestational commercial altruistic contracts, status surrogate mother genetic parents, effects presumptions maternit...

Digital certificates signed by trusted certification authorities (CAs) are used for multiple purposes, most commonly for secure binding of public keys to names and other attributes of their owners. Although a certificate usually includes an expiration time, it is not uncommon that a certificate needs to be revoked prematurely. For this reason, whenever a client (user or program) needs to assert...