Our research focuses on developing techniques to rear ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). We evaluated the effects of rearing density on survival, growth, and development of Coleomegilla maculata. The hypothesis that a low to moderate rearing density has limited or no effects on survival and development was tested. C. maculata first instars were reared to pupae at a density of 1, 5, 1...

In comparison to the rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis, the euryhaline rotifer Proales similis has a much smaller body size (83 m in length and 40 m in width), and it may be applicable as live food for rearing marine fish larvae with a very small mouth size. A mass culture technique of P. similis was recently established, and it has already been confirmed that marine fish larvae could ingest P...

Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei is a protostrongylid parasite that has recently been recognized at several locations in sub-Arctic, but not Arctic, North America. We investigated factors that may determine the distribution of P. odocoilei, including suitable gastropod intermediate hosts, temperature requirements for larval development in gastropods, and larval emergence facilitating overwinter tr...

Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carriére) in the United States is threatened by the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand). The native hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria Guenée) also appears to have played a role in previous population declines of this conifer. Although these two insects co-occur in much of the adelgid's invaded range, their interactions remain unstudi...

goat warble fly infestation is a subcutaneous myiasis, presents in many european and asian countries. between september 2004 and june 2005, goat warble infestation was investigated in the urmia abattoir. the number of infested animals, their sex and age, the number of maggots present on each animal, location and larval stage of warble flies were recorded. warbles were counted, measured and isol...

Bone deformities are one of the main effects crude oil exposure in marine fish larvae. Craniofacial and jaw deformities, if severe enough, may restrict feeding ultimately kill developing This study aimed to examine impact dispersed on bone development Atlantic haddock ( Melanogrammus aeglefinus ) larvae, a species spawning areas approached for gas exploration North Ocean. larvae were exposed lo...

The control of Parlatoria pergandii (Comstock, 1881) was studied in citrus orchards at Belksiri (Gharb area), Morocco. Three concentrations Spirotetramat (T0 = 0 L/Ha, T1 0.625 T2 0.755 and T3 1 L/Ha) were applied to 4 ha Valencia late orchard (each dose for citrus). insecticidal evaluated on two stages larvae (L1 L2) P. three females, F1, F2, F3. Similarly, the rates parasitism by Aphytis hisp...

The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is the most destructive insect pest of potato, Solanum tuberosum (L.), in North America. Avidin sequesters available biotin, thereby causing abnormal growth and development of insects. We expressed avidin in two potato lines: MSE149-5Y, a susceptible potato line, and ND5873-15, a line with S. chacoense-deri...

Bt cotton plants are genetically engineered to produce insecticidal toxins from the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) bacterium and target key lepidopteran pests. In all previous strains of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) selected in the laboratory for resistance to insecticidal Cry1Ac toxin using an artificial diet cont...