Loss of cholinergic neurons and/or dysfunction of the glutamatergic system in the central nervous system cause learning impairment in experimental Alzheimer's (Alz) disease animals and Alz patients. Furthermore, the impaired cholinergic system is likely implicated in depressive behaviors in Alz patients. Neurogenesis persistently occurs in the forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampal...

IN THE ADULT BRAIN, MULTIPOTENT PROGENITOR CELLS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED IN THREE AREAS: the ventricular-subventricular zone (VZ-SVZ), adjacent to the striatal wall of the lateral ventricles, the subgranular zone (SGZ), located at the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subcallosal zone (SCZ), located between the corpus callosum and the CA1 and CA2 regions of the hippocampus. The neural proge...

ABKÜRZUNGEN Abb. Abbildung ADD 1 after-discharge duration 1 (Nachentladungsdauer 1) ADD 2 after-discharge duration 1 (Nachentladungsdauer 2) A. dest. Aqua destillata ADT after-discharge threshold (Nachentladungsschwelle) BLA basolaterale Amygdala BrdU Bromodesoxyuridin bsp. Beispiel bzgl. bezüglich bzw. beziehungsweise c control (Kontrolle) ca. zirka cm Zentimeter d day (Tag) DCX Doublecortin d...

Stroke triggers a systemic inflammatory response that exacerbates the initial injury. Immunizing with peptides derived from CNS proteins can stimulate protective autoimmunity (PA). The most renowned of these peptides is copolymer-1 (Cop-1) also known as glatiramer acetate. This peptide has been approved for use in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Cop-1-specific T cells cross the blood-brain...

Neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) is regulated by diffusible factors and cell-cell contacts. In vivo, SVZ stem cells are associated with the abluminal surface of blood vessels and such interactions are thought to regulate their neurogenic capacity. SVZ neural stem cells (NSCs) have been described to contact endothelial-derived laminin via α6β1 integrin. To elucidate whether heteroce...

Coordinated regulation of the adult neurogenic subventricular zone (SVZ) is accomplished by a myriad of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The neurotransmitter dopamine is one regulatory molecule implicated in SVZ function. Nigrostriatal and ventral tegmental area (VTA) midbrain dopamine neurons innervate regions adjacent to the SVZ, and dopamine synapses are found on SVZ cells. Cell division wit...

The olfactory bulb (OB) periventricular zone is an extension of the forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ) and thus is a source of neuroprogenitor cells and neural stem cells. While considerable information is available on the SVZ-OB neural stem cell (NSC)/neuroprogenitor cell (NPC) niche in rodents, less work has been done on this system in large animals. The newborn piglet is used as a preclinic...

PURPOSE To determine the relationship between the subventricular zone (SVZ) and astrocytoma based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and whether SVZ involvement can be used to distinguish solitary cerebral metastases (SCMs) from astrocytomas. METHODS This retrospective study involved 154 patients with solitary low-grade astrocytoma (LGA), high-grade astrocytoma (HGA), and SCM, who underwent ...

In the mammalian brain, neurogenesis constitutively occurs in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the olfactory bulb, and the hippocampus throughout adulthood (Kuhn et al., 1996; Lois and Alvarez-Buylla, 1993; Gage, 2000; Pagano et al., 2000; Gritti et al., 2002), and adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays an important role in learning and memory (Deng et al., 2010). In the hippocampus, multipotent ne...

Surgical resection is identified as an important prognostic factor for survival in patients undergoing initial resection of glioblastoma (GBM). However, in patients with tumor recurrence, the benefits of repeat surgery remain unclear. Recent reports have stated that the association between initial surgery for GBM and subventricular zone (SVZ) influences survival. The current study examined the ...