Some evidence suggests that a variety of genetic factors contribute to development of the tuberculosis (TB). TLR4 and TLR9 have been proposed as susceptibility genes for TB. This study was performed in 124 newly diagnosed TB cases and 149 healthy controls in a TB-endemic region of Iran. The TLR4 genes Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile, and TLR9 gene T-1486C polymorphisms were amplified by polymerase chain r...

We investigated the in vitro interaction of terbinafine with itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine, against Aspergillus spp. We tested three isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus (one resistant to itraconazole), and two each of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus. We employed a broth microdilution-based method derived from an in vivo validated method ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the synergic effects of mirror therapy and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for hand function in stroke patients. METHOD Sixty patients with hemiparesis after stroke were included (41 males and 19 females, average age 63.3 years). Twenty patients had NMES applied and simultaneously underwent mirror therapy. Twenty patients had NMES applied only, and twenty ...

The combination of two different metals, each of them acting on different steps of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), yields synergic catalytic effects. In this respect, the electrocatalytic effect of silver is enhanced by the addition of cobalt, which is able to break the O-O bond of molecular oxygen, thus accelerating the first step of the reduction mechanism. At the same time, research is ...

Modulating the interaction between small gas molecules and solid host materials is becoming increasingly important for the future society due to the alternative energy resources especially for the hydrogen energy. As is known, two catalogues of materials such as two-dimensional (2D) lamellar cavity structures and three-dimensional (3D) infinite tunnel structures have received intensive consider...

This review focuses on Cu/TiO2 sequentially sputtered and Cu-TiO2 co-sputtered catalytic/photocatalytic surfaces that lead to bacterial inactivation, discussing their stability, synthesis, adhesion, and antibacterial kinetics. The intervention of TiO2, Cu, and the synergic effect of Cu and TiO2 on films prepared by a colloidal sol-gel method leading to bacterial inactivation is reviewed. Proces...

The knowledge of the survival of inoculated fungal and bacterial strains in field and the effects of their release on the indigenous microbial communities has been of great interest since the practical use of selected natural or genetically modified microorganisms has been developed. Soil inoculation or seed bacterization may lead to changes in the structure of the indigenous microbial communit...