We investigated the hypothesis that two well-studied brain systems (see Feinberg & Farah, 1997) underlie the lexicon/grammar dichotomy (Ullman et al., 1997). In this view, frontal/basal-ganglia circuitry implicated in the learning and expression of motor and cognitive skills also underlie the acquisition and use of grammatical rules, and temporal-lobe circuits implicated in the learning and use...

Agility is important for sport performance and potentially injury risk; however, factors affecting this motor skill remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the extent to which lower extremity dexterity (LED) and muscle performance were associated with agility. Fourteen male and 14 female soccer athletes participated. Agility was evaluated using a hopping sequence separately with both limbs and with ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The importance of patient safety is growing worldwide, and every day, health care professionals face various challenges in how to provide safe care for their patients. Patient safety skills are one of the main tools to ensure safe practice. This study looks to describe health care professionals' skills regarding patient safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collecte...


 Translation is considered one of the most complicated tasks for English as a foreign language (EFL) learners to undertake, achieving faultless translation requires multiple skills. To render perfect meanings between two languages, syntactic and semantic skills are necessary. However, some require even more, namely pragmatic skill, translate profound words or phrases paragraph’s lines. Th...

Given a variety of finite monoids V, a subset of a monoid is a V-subset if its syntactic monoid belongs to V. A function between two monoids is V-preserving if it preservesV-subsets under preimages and it is hereditary V-preserving if it is W-preserving for every subvariety W of V. The aim of this paper is to study hereditary V-preserving functions when V is one of the following varieties of fi...

We solve two open problems concerning syntactic complexity: We prove that the cardinality of the syntactic semigroup of a left ideal or a suffix-closed language with n left quotients (that is, with state complexity n) is at most n n−1 + n − 1, and that of a two-sided ideal or a factor-closed language is at most n n−2 + (n − 2)2 n−2 + 1. Since these bounds are known to be reachable, this settles...

— Some synchronizing properties of"very pure" subsemigroups ofafree semigroup are shown by means of an analysis of the properties of their syntactic semigroups. Résumé. — On démontre certaines propriétés de synchronisation pour les sous-semigroupes « très purs » d'un semigroupe libre, en analysant les propriétés de leurs semigroupes syntactiques.

A right ideal is a language L over an alphabet Σ that satisfies L = LΣ∗. We show that there exists a stream (sequence) (Rn | n > 3) of regular right ideal languages, where Rn has n left quotients and is most complex under the following measures of complexity: the state complexities of the left quotients, the number of atoms (intersections of complemented and uncomplemented left quotients), the ...

We give a new proof of Salvati’s theorem that the group language O2 is 2 multiple context free. Unlike Salvati’s proof, our arguments do not use any idea specific to two-dimensions. This raises the possibility that the argument might generalize to On.

The aim of this paper is to examine the kind of evidence that might be adduced in support of relativist semantics of a kind that have recently been proposed for predicates of personal taste, for epistemic modals, for knowledge attributions and for other cases. I shall concentrate on the case of taste predicates, but what I have to say is easily transposed to the other cases just mentioned. I sh...