BACKGROUND In 2003, it became legal in the UK for syringe exchange programmes (SEPs) to provide citrate to injecting drug users to solubilise heroin. Little work has been undertaken on the effect of policy change on SEP function. Here, we examine whether the introduction of citrate in Cheshire and Merseyside SEPs has altered the number of heroin/crack injectors accessing SEPs, the frequency at ...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate microbial contamination rates of low- and medium-risk level media fill tests performed by pharmacy students near the beginning and end of a parenterals laboratory course in the second- professional year of a doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program. METHODS Students enrolled in a required parenterals laboratory class (N = 84) participated in this study. The aseptic technique...

BACKGROUND Pain associated with infiltrating the skin with lidocaine can be reduced by buffering the solution with sodium bicarbonate. OBJECTIVES To determine the physical compatibility and chemical stability of lidocaine hydrochloride solution buffered with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate, with and without epinephrine, packaged in polypropylene syringes and stored at 5°C with protection from light. ...

In recent years, ophthalmic drug delivery has been recognised as having some of the most significantly unmet packaging and delivery needs of any injectable drug market segment. Ocular injections often require very small, precise dose volumes to be administered in a smooth, controlled manner to a precise location in the eye without the introduction of air bubbles or foreign particulate matter su...

background: occupational exposure to percutaneous injuries is a substantial source of infections with blood-borne pathogens among health-care workers. few studies evaluated injection safety practices in saudi arabia. objective: to examine the structure and process of injection safety at primary health care level in jazan health district, to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primar...