OBJECTIVE The WHO's global targets for non-communicable disease reduction recommend consumption of<5 g salt/day. In 2016, South Africa was the first country to legislate maximum salt levels in processed foods. South Africa's salt iodisation fortification programme has successfully addressed iodine deficiency but information is dated. Simultaneous monitoring of sodium reduction and iodine status...

BACKGROUND Although a low-sodium diet is indicated for heart failure HF, there is no evidence this dietary restriction is beneficial to all patients. OBJECTIVE To prospectively study the acute effectsof a low-sodium diet in patients (pts) with heart failure (HF). METHODS Fifty stable outpatients with mild to moderate HF who reported previously consuming 6.6 g table salt/day were studied. In...

We investigated whether home environment, salt knowledge, and salt-use behavior were associated with urinary sodium (Na) excretion in Japanese secondary school students. Students (267; mean age, 14.2 years) from Suo-Oshima, Japan, collected three overnight urine samples and completed a salt environment/knowledge/behavior questionnaire. A subset of students (n = 66) collected, on non-consecutive...

There is compelling evidence that dietary salt intake is the major cause of raised blood pressure (BP) and that a reduction in salt intake from the current level of ≈ 9 - 12 g/day in most countries to the recommended level of < 5 g/day lowers BP. A further reduction to 3 - 4 g/day has a greater effect and there needs to be ongoing consideration of lower targets for population salt intake. Cohor...

This critical review directly challenges the prevailing theory that a transient increase in cardiac output caused by genetically mediated increases in activity of the ENaC in the aldosterone sensitive distal nephron, or of the NCC in the distal convoluted tubule, accounts entirely for the hemodynamic initiation of all Mendelian forms of salt-dependent hypertension (Figure 1). The prevailing the...

BACKGROUND Many industrialized countries struggle to maintain adequate iodine intake because of changes in dietary habits and the food supply. In Switzerland, because of declining iodine intakes in children and pregnant women, the iodine concentration in table salt was increased from 15 to 20 mg/kg. OBJECTIVE We evaluated Swiss iodine nutrition after the 1999 increase in the salt iodine conce...

Sensitive voltammetric methods using cathodic and anodic differential pulse stripping techniques were applied for determination of trace ions cadmium(II), cobalt(II), copper(II), lead(II), manganese(II), nickel(II), and zinc(II), which are usually found in different grades of common salt as contaminants. The optimal conditions, i.e., deposition time, preconcentration potential, supporting elect...

abstractthe purpose of this study was to compare the heavy metal uptake of cd in liver tissue of endemic fish aphanius sophiae in the saltwater eshtehard of karaj and fresh water in laboratory conditions, the relationship between cadmium accumulation in the liver, the effect of salinity and different concentrations of cd uptake. sampling did randomly from salt river in the spring and summer 201...

Information on the relative contributions of all dietary sodium (Na) sources is needed to assess the potential efficacy of manipulating the component parts in efforts to implement current recommendations to reduce Na intake in the population. The present study quantified the contributions of inherently food-borne, processing-added, table, cooking, and water sources in 62 adults who were regular...

Salt Intake in Children: Increasing Concerns? To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by He and MacGregor1 concerning the effect of salt intake on blood pressure in children. Their meta-analysis shows that salt reduction in children causes a fall in blood pressure, which may have serious implications. The authors state that current salt intake in children is largely unknown but i...