Perhaps the most obvious manifestation of the complex interplay between environmental cues, signal transduction pathways, and transcription factors underlying the genesis and differentiation of a cell lineage is provided by the enormous diversity of genetically determined pigmentation patterns. Because melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin, hair, and eye color, are dispensable for viabili...

References 1. Ostermeier C, Iwata S, Michel H. Cytochrome c oxidase. Curr Opin Struct Biol 1996;6:460–6. 2. Sullivan JL, Ochs HD. Copper deficiency and the immune system. Lancet 1978;2:686. 3. Vyas D, Chandra RK. Thymic factor activity, lymphocyte stimulation response and antibody producing cells in copper deficiency. Nutr Res 1983;3:343–50. 4. Araya M, Koletzko B, Uauy R. Copper deficiency and...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the floor impact sound isolation systems in reinforced concrete constructions. The floor impact sounds were generated by the standard heavy-weight impact sources, a tyre drop tester and an impact ball. The noise and vibration from the impact sources were analyzed and the relationship between the sound levels and the subjective responses was investigated...

The first member of the RF-amide peptide superfamily to be characterized, in 1977, was the cardioexcitatory peptide, FMRFamide, isolated from the ganglia of the clamMacrocallista nimbosa (1). Since then, a large number of such peptides, designated after their C-terminal arginine (R) and amidated phenylalanine (F) residues, have been identified in representative species of all major phyla. The d...

Recent extensive studies on magnetoelectric multiferroics have revealed that a new class of multiferroics, that is, magneticallyinduced ferroelectrics in which ferroelectricity is induced by complex magnetic orders, such as spiral orders, exhibit giant magnetoelectric effects, remarkable changes in electric polarization in response to a magnetic field. Although these magnetically-induced ferroe...

Introduction: The evidence for the presence of short-lived Fe (decaying into Ni, with the half life of 1.5 Ma) in the early system has recently received considerable attention, both experimentally and theoretically. Evidence for Ni excesses in eucrites, without correlation to Fe/Ni has been obtained by Shukolyukov and Lugmair [1, 2]. Recently, based on ion microprobe studies of phases with very...

Poor sleep quality due to insomnia can be a risk factor for intrapartum and postpartum depression mood disorders.1 In addition, previous miscarriages often result in anxiety disorders that affect the mental state of next pregnancy.2 Lemborexant is an orexin receptor antagonist approved treatment insomnia.3 No safety studies have been conducted on pregnant or nursing women, its fetuses infants u...

Situated in modern-day Iraq, the ancient city of Babylon was located a fertile region and at crossroads important trade routes. A significant architectural wonder its grand entrances known as Gates. These gates served more than mere portals. Firstly, they functioned points entry into city, controlling flow people goods. Secondly, acted defensive fortifications, protecting against potential inva...

Sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) bind throughout the genome to orchestrate the process of adipocyte differentiation in an exquisitely timed and precise manner. TF binding recruits histone-modifying enzymes, resulting in dynamic epigenomic modifications that correlate with extensive gene expression changes. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Wang et al (2013) demonstrate...