BACKGROUND Accurate tumor bed delineation after breast-conserving surgery is important. However, consistency among observers on standard postoperative radiotherapy planning CT is low and volumes can be large due to seroma formation. A preoperative delineation of the tumor might be more consistent. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the consistency of preoperative target volum...

We present SMARTS consortium optical/IR light curves of SN 2006aj associated with GRB 060218. We find that this event is broadly similar to two previously observed events SN 1998bw/GRB 980425 and SN 2003lw/GRB 031203. In particular, all of these events are greatly under-luminous in gamma-rays compared to typical long-duration GRBs. We find that the observation by Swift of even one such event im...

PURPOSE To test a prone position against the international-standard supine position in women undergoing whole-breast-radiotherapy (WBRT) after wide-local-excision (WLE) of early breast cancer (BC) in terms of feasibility, set-up errors, and respiratory motion. METHODS Following WLE of BC with insertion of tumour-bed clips, patients underwent 4D-CT for WBRT-planning in supine and prone positio...

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of multileaf collimator width (MLC-W) on intraprostatic dose painting plans for prostate cancer.Prostate cancer maps based on the histopathological findings were superimposed onto simulation CT images. Clinical target volume (CTV) 1 was defined as the prostate and the base of the seminal vesicles, and CTV2 was defined as the dominant intrapros...

The impact of the treatment couch on a radiotherapy plan is rarely fully assessed during the treatment planning process. Incorporating a couch model into the treatment planning system (TPS) enables the planner to avoid or dosimetrically evaluate beam-couch intersections. In this work, we demonstrate how existing TPS tools can be used to establish this capability and assess the accuracy and effe...

one of the problems in detecting radar targets is the variation of target cross section due to aspect angle; which is named as target fluctuation. this perfectly depends on target geometry and transmitted wavelength and can cause significant loss of detection. one of the solutions to this is improving the radar range resolution. stepped frequency is one of the signals that can improve the range...

in this paper, we aim to overcome three major shortcomings of the fdh (free disposal hull) directional distance function through developing two new, named linear and fractional cdfdh, complete fdh measures of efficiency. to accomplish this, we integrate the concepts of similarity and fdh directional distance function. we prove that the proposed measures are translation invariant and unit invari...

a supply chain is composed of a complex sequence of processing stages, ranging from raw materials supplies, parts manufacturing, components and end-products assembling, to the delivery of end products. in the context of supply chain management, supplier selection decision is considered one of the key issues faced by operations and purchasing managers to remain competitive. therefore, requiremen...

background: for the purpose of individual clinical target volume assessment in radiotherapy of prostate cancer, mrsi was used as a molecular imaging modality with mri and ct images. materials and methods: the images of 20 prostate cancer patients were used in this study. the mr and mrsi images were registered with ct ones using non-rigid registration technique. the ct based planning (bp), ct/mr...

background: solid targets that consist of powder and electrodeposited targets are used commonly to produce radionuclides by accelerators. since silver is easily electrodeposited in cyanide baths and has a very excellent thermal conductivity, the electrodeposited target is preferable to produce 109cd. to avoid cracking or peeling of the target during bombardment, it should have a level surface a...