Logic is not just about single-agent notions like reasoning, or zero-agent notions like truth, but also about communication between two or more people. What we tell and ask each other can be just as logical as what we infer in Olympic solitude. We show how communication and other interactive phenomena can be studied systematically by merging epistemic and dynamic logic, leading to new types of ...

Complex social behavior builds on the mutual judgment of individuals as cooperation partners and competitors [1]. Play can be used for assessing the others' dispositions in humans and nonhuman mammals [2], whereas little is known about birds. Recently, food-caching corvids have been found to rival primates in their ability to judge the behaviors and intentions of others in competition for hidde...

15-day increase in hospital length of stay (LOS), a financial impact of $4 billion to $16 billion annually, and a 19% increase in 6-month mortality. Delirium is common across all patient settings; the prevalence, however, varies according to acuity of illness. Delirium develops in general medicine patients at rates ranging from 11% to 42%. The highest prevalence of delirium, as high as 87%, occ...

This study demonstrated an e-learning system, MyEVA, based on a mixed-modality vocabulary strategy in assisting learners of English as a second language (L2 learners) to improve their vocabulary. To explore the learning effectiveness of MyEVA, the study compared four vocabulary-learning techniques, MyEVA in preference mode, MyEVA in basic mode, an Internet dictionary, and a traditional paper-ba...

Male sex workers (MSWs) and sex trades are not new in Bangladesh. Current HIV interventions for MSWs need to be expanded in the major cities, but the number of MSWs needs to be scientifically estimated. Although two-sample capture-recapture surveys are suitable for closed populations, this method was here applied to indirectly estimate the number of mobile MSWs in a conservative social setting,...

Abstract Japan has been implementing grant aid projects for developing countries many years, but in recent have experienced unsuccessful bidding (i.e., all bid prices are higher than the target price), due to a gap between project price and price. For public works contracts Japan, may not be signed more under any circumstances. Therefore, if exceeds price, tender cannot completed. The estimatio...

In this study, the chassis design target setting for a high-performance car was performed using virtual prototype to solve problem of increasing complexity vehicle development. To achieve efficient handling performance Hyundai Avante N, vehicle, kinematic and compliance (K&C) characteristics corresponding were set prior process simulation, thereby facilitating systematic development actual ...