Article history: Received 3 March 2009 Received in revised form 14 July 2009 Accepted 3 September 2009 Available online 14 October 2009 Tariffs and anti-dumping duties are two important tools used to protect industries from foreign competition and to generate revenue. While the two tools have been studied extensively in separate contexts, little is known about their comparative effects. This pa...

We consider a market where consumers mix goods offered by two firms differentiated a la Hotelling, and show how tariff structures affect consumers, profits, and location decisions. As compared to linear pricing, when firms charge two-part tariffs they make higher profits while consumers are worse off. The resulting allocation is not efficient since firms choose extreme locations and too little ...

Previous analyses of free trade areas suggest that member countries reduce external tariffs to the level that improves welfare of non-member countries. Using an oligopoly model with product differentiation, this paper shows that when a free trade area entails endogenous change from segmented to integrated markets for internally produced goods, external tariffs become strategic complements and t...

The Uruguay Round Agreements and the establishment of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 1995 resulted in a major step forward by bringing the agriculture and services sectors under the disciplines of GATT, bringing down the levels of tariffs and putting in place a dispute settlement mechanism. In order to realise the potential gains from trade, developing countries made substantial progress...

background: the study of economics is important in iranian stroke patients, because it is one of the costly diseases that could be linked to disability, mortality, and morbidity. the aim of this preliminary study was to investigate total treatment costs of hospitalized patients with stroke. methods: a cross‑sectional study of 24 patients conducted to isfahan neurosciences research centre was ca...