The growing adoption of generalized-ensemble algorithms for biomolecular simulation has resulted in a resurgence in the use of the weighted histogram analysis method (WHAM) to make use of all data generated by these simulations. Unfortunately, the original presentation of WHAM by Kumar et al. is not directly applicable to data generated by these methods. WHAM was originally formulated to combin...

Four groups of AISI 1020 specimens were heat-treated at 850 °C in a muffle furnace for 30 minutes then quenched oil. The samples tempered 400 with time period each group as (group B, 2 hours), C, 3 and D, 4 hours). mechanical properties the studied using universal tensile testing equipment Brinell hardness machine. values calculated from given modified equation. torsional fatigue behavior was d...

Limited studies are available on post-heat treatment (tempering/annealing) of electro­chemically carburized low-carbon steel, which can relieve internal stresses induced by the quenching process. In this study, electrochemical carburization was carried out using electrolyte mixture sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and chloride (NaCl) under a CO2 gas environment 800 °C. The samples were then quenched i...

Simultaneously increasing the strength and ductility of hot work die steels is significant interest for broad applications. The in-situ development a nano-phase in promising method achieving this objective. However, little success has been reported so far. In study, trace amounts TiC nanoparticles were successfully introduced into high-Cr steel (HHD) through an innovative using nano-TiC/Al mast...

During laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), materials experience cyclic re-heating as new layers are deposited, inducing an in situ tempering effect. In this study, the effect of phenomenon on martensite during L-PBF was examined for Fe-0.45C steel. Detailed scanning electron microscopy, transmission atom probe tomography, and hardness measurements indicated that initially a quenched-like state aft...

Structural and phase changes occurring in laser-hardened steels after tempering at different temperatures are considered. It is shown that the optimization of laser processing subsequent allows to increase heat resistance 50-120°C by maintaining a high density defects crystal structure appearance uniform allocation dispersed carbide particles. established for laser-irradiated metal, from energy...

The main aim of this case study is to present the changes caused by heat treatment on structure and properties 100Cr6 steel annealing, hardening, tempering in combination with previous chemical-heat (CHT) boriding. boriding causes microstructure samples, which include a change morphology deposited cementite volume chromium carbide particles. transformed from its original granular form lamellar ...

An analysis is presented of the average probability of accepting an exchange trial in the parallel-tempering Monte Carlo molecular simulation method. Arguments are given that this quantity should be related to the entropy difference between the phases, and results from simulations of a simple Lennard-Jones system are presented to support this argument qualitatively. Another analysis based on th...