A central question in evolutionary biology is how coevolutionary history between predator and prey influences their interactions. Contemporary global change and range expansion of exotic organisms impose a great challenge for prey species, which are increasingly exposed to invading non-native predators, with which they share no evolutionary history. Here, we complete a comprehensive survey of e...

Nest predation is the primary factor influencing grassland songbird reproductive success. Understanding factors driving spatial and temporal variation in nest survival requires that we identify the primary nest predators and factors influencing predator abundance and behavior. Predation events are rarely witnessed, and the identification of nest predators is inferred, often incorrectly, from ne...

Paradoxically, enrichment can destabilize a predator-prey food web. While adaptive dynamics can greatly influence the stability of interaction systems, few theoretical studies have examined the effect of the adaptive dynamics of interaction-related traits on the possibility of resolution of the paradox of enrichment. We consider the evolution of attack and defence traits of a predator and two p...

Stochastic spatial predator-prey competition models represent paradigmatic systems to understand the emergence of biodiversity and the stability of ecosystems. We aim to clarify the relationship and connections between interacting three-species models and the classic two-species Lotka–Volterra (LV) model that entails predator-prey coexistence with long-lived population oscillations. To this end...

The predators Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Menéville (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) and Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), are frequently observed on vegetable crops, especially on tomato plants, as well as on flowers of several plants around crop fields. It is well known that when predators feed on pollen and nectar they can increase their longevity and reproductive capacity. T...

We study a spatial cyclic predator-prey model with an even number of species (for n=4, 6, and 8) that allows the formation of two defensive alliances consisting of the even and odd label species. The species are distributed on the sites of a square lattice. The evolution of spatial distribution is governed by iteration of two elementary processes on neighboring sites chosen randomly: if the sit...

Predatory functional responses play integral roles in predator-prey dynamics, and their assessment promises greater understanding and prediction of the predatory impacts of invasive species. Other interspecific interactions, however, such as parasitism and higher-order predation, have the potential to modify predator-prey interactions and thus the predictive capability of the comparative functi...

A system of ordinary differential equations is considered that models the interactions of two plant species populations, an herbivore population, and a predator population. We use a toxin-determined functional response to describe the interactions between plant species and herbivores and use a Holling Type II functional response to model the interactions between herbivores and predators. In ord...

We evaluated the potential for emergent nonlinear effects of multiple predators on mortality of a shared prey species by conducting experiments in cages in an old field. We examined interactions among three spider predators, Pisaurina mira, Phidippus rimator, and Rabidosa rabida, and a grasshopper prey Melanoplusfemurrubrum. The predators have disparate hunting behaviors and are located in diff...

in this paper, we introduce fractional order of a planar fractional prey-predator system with a nonmonotonic functional response and anti-predator behaviour such that the adult preys can attack vulnerable predators. we analyze the existence and stability of all possibleequilibria. numerical simulations reveal that anti-predator behaviour notonly makes the coexistence of the prey and predator po...