ion Rules Surveying Rules A Fig. 5. The Real World (or Terrain) is abstracted according to abstraction rules into a Conceptual World, and described in a Domain Ontology. What is known in the Conceptual World is acquired according to surveying rules, and depending on the application, captured in a Geo-Data Set (adapted from (van der Schans 1994) and (Winter 2000, p.420)). 2.2 Abstraction Rules a...

We examined the relationships between hemlock distribution and abundance and terrain attributes for the Coweeta Basin in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Field measurements were combined with GIS mapping methods to develop predictive models of abundance and distribution of Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière (eastern hemlock) and evaluate the co-occurrence of Rhododendron maximum L. (rosebay) and...

RÉSUMÉ. Les phases amont des projets de conception peuvent être des périodes propices à l’introduction d’innovations technologiques dans les produits. Lors de ces phases, les processus de coopération et de confrontation des différents points de vue entre les acteurs impliquent des échanges d’informations qui sont parfois informels, non contractuels et peu ou pas structurés. Pourtant, ces phases...

Displaying large-scale 3D vector data in landscape map is very important, as 3D vector data can provide many important information, such as: precise geographic boundaries, areas, 3D text marks, different attributes identity, precise path and many important invisible information in real world (e.g.: underground things) and etc. In this paper, we present a technique that is capable of efficiently...

In this paper, we propose an interactive approach to synthesize macroscopic terrain using real terrain elevation data effectively and realistically. Users construct terrain primitives in the interactive environment by specifying terrain microscopic features. The features are then used to obtain a real terrain unit, one of the best matched terrain units, from terrain unit database where all unit...

In the U.S., the rise in motorized vehicle travel has contributed to serious societal, environmental, economic, and public health problems. These problems have increased the interest in encouraging non-motorized modes of travel (walking and bicycling). The current study contributes toward this objective by identifying and evaluating the importance of attributes influencing bicyclists’ route cho...