Numeric values of psychological measures often have an arbitrary character before research has grounded their meanings, thereby providing what S. J. Messick (1995) called consequential validity (part of which H. Blanton and J. Jaccard, 2006, this issue, now identify as metric meaningfulness). Some measures are predisposed by their design to acquire meanings easily, an example being the sensitiv...

BACKGROUND Validity evidence based on test content is one of the five forms of validity evidence stipulated in the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing developed by the American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, and National Council on Measurement in Education. In this paper, we describe the logic and theory underlying such evidence and describ...

  Background: To validate the Persian version of the simple shoulder test in patients with shoulder joint problems.   Methods: Following Beaton`s guideline, translation and back translation was conducted. We reached to a consensus on the Persian version of SST. To test the face validity in a pilot study, the Persian SST was administered to 20 individuals with shoulder joint conditions. We enrol...

PURPOSE This study examined the validity of a squash-specific test designed to assess endurance capability and aerobic power. METHODS Eight squash players and eight runners performed, in a counterbalanced order, incremental treadmill (TT) and squash-specific (ST) tests to volitional exhaustion. Breath-by-breath oxygen uptake was determined by a portable analyzer and heart rate was assessed te...

Validity is an integrated evaluative judgment of the degree to which empirical evidence and theoretical rationales support the adequacy and appropriateness of interpretations and actions based on test scores or other modes of assessment. The principles of validity apply not just to interpretive and action inferences derived from test scores as ordinarily conceived, but also to inferences based ...

BACKGROUND Acoustic reflectometry is a relatively new technique that quantifies upper airway obstruction. The oropharyngeal airway is geometrically complex and variable; therefore establishing a standard operating protocol and understanding the possible sources of artifacts are of great importance in obtaining reliable results. This work aims at assessing the repeatability of pharyngeal cross-s...

Blind people need kinesthetic perception as feedback for providing information related to movement characteristics, such position in space and direction. The research purpose was determine the validity test-retest reliability of a test blind people. consists placing both feet correctly on 4 square targets (5 cm thick) placed right, left, front, back, at distance 100 from initial that is located...

Background: Academic tests are valuable tools for evaluating students’ knowledge and capabilities. This study aimed to assess the content validity offinal examinations at Mashhad Dental School. The practical purpose of this study was to enhance the quality of written examinations in this school. Methods: The present descriptive, cross-sectional study aimed to determine the content validity of f...