In this paper, we consider flat epimorphisms of commutative rings [Formula: see text] such that, for every ideal which text], the quotient ring is semilocal Krull dimension zero. Under these assumptions, show that projective R-module U does not exceed 1. We also describe Geigle–Lenzing perpendicular subcategory in text]. Assuming additionally and all are perfect, R-modules U-strongly flat. Thus...

Detection of text from documents in which text is embedded in complex colored and textured backgrounds is a very challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a simple texture-based approach based on edge information for this task. The performance of our method is compared to that obtained by a method based on the discrete cosine transform which was recently proposed by Zhong et al. [12] for t...

Annotators of text corpora and biomedical databases carry out the same labor-intensive task to manually extract structured data from unstructured text. Tasks are needlessly repeated because text corpora are widely scattered. We envision that a linked annotation resource unifying many corpora could be a game changer. Such an open forum will help focus on novel annotations and on optimally benefi...

Text embedded in image provides high-level semantic information for automatic annotation, indexing and retrieval. Text extraction involves detection, localization, extraction, enhancement and recognition of the text from the given image. However, variations of the text due to differences in size, style, orientation and alignment as well as low image contrast and complex background make the prob...

We clarify universal critical properties of delocalization-localization transitions in three-dimensional (3D) unitary and orthogonal classes with particle-hole and/or chiral symmetries (classes AIII, BDI, D, C CI). first introduce tight-binding models on cubic lattice that belong to these five nonstandard symmetry respectively. Unlike the Bogoliubov-de Gennes Hamiltonian for superconductors, al...

Images contain various types of useful information that should be extracted whenever required and this information may be in the form of text present in image. Extraction of this information involves detection, localization, extraction, enhancement and recognition of the text from the given image. Mathematical morphology is the foundation of morphological image processing, which consists of a s...

In order to successfully locate and retrieve document images such as technical articles and newspapers, a text localization technique must be employed. The proposed method detects and extracts homogeneous text areas in document images indifferent to font types and size by using connected components analysis to detect blocks of foreground objects. Next, a descriptor that consists of a set of str...

 The system is based on an efficient end-to-end real-time scene text localization and recognition method [1,2,3]  Individual characters detected as Class-Specific Extremal Regions (CSERs) [4]  An efficient sequential classifier selects only ERs with locally maximal probability p(region|character) with complexity linear in the number of image pixels  The stability requirement of MSERs [5] is...

We introduce a new top-down pipeline for scene text detection. We propose a novel Cascaded Convolutional Text Network (CCTN) that joints two customized convolutional networks for coarse-to-fine text localization. The CCTN fast detects text regions roughly from a low-resolution image, and then accurately localizes text lines from each enlarged region. We cast previous character based detection i...

MOTIVATION Knowing the localization of a protein within the cell helps elucidate its role in biological processes, its function and its potential as a drug target. Thus, subcellular localization prediction is an active research area. Numerous localization prediction systems are described in the literature; some focus on specific localizations or organisms, while others attempt to cover a wide r...