The article discusses the forms of republicanism that existed in territory Uzbekistan different historical times and eras. author, based on research historians, orientalists memoirs travelers, believes first republic emerged 14th century Samarkand. founders were Sarbadars. second — Tashkent “aristocratic” land-holding (18th century) was founded by Yunus Khoja after a long internecine war. did n...

Males have dominated medicine for many centuries. Females could not appear in the medical history equally till the end of the 18th century; although they always have been in medicine as healers. It is worth mentioning that first illustrations indicating female surgeons were found in the book written in Turkish by Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu in the 15th century; while Europe was newly waking up from ...

An active policy exercised by Tsar Peter I (Peter the Great of Russia) in East coincided with decline and fall Safavid Empire. The goal this article is to show Russian ambitions Caspian region 20–40s 18th century during reign Peter who wanted Russia gain full control over silk trade. This investigates methods used increase Russia’s influence region. historical sources discover reveal ...

In the 18th and 19th century of English literature, there were two generations of English Romantic poetry in Britain, who have produced great influences on the literature world. Those romantic poets were inspired more or less by the French Revolution, and advocated to the people to pursue beauty and inner freedom in nature or art. The most extraordinary features found in their poems are the abu...

it is possible for the lessor to transfer the leasehold property to another party through sale or other contracts over the course of lease without enjoying profit. according to iranian civil code, article 498, transferring the object of lease even to the lessee himself does not contradict the lease contract. after the contract, the lease contract is still valid. in french law, transferring the ...

Taking advantage of relatively well-preserved Prussian statistics, the author examines dynamics Pomeranian population in 18th century to suggest priorities for further studies at both individual and local community level. He proposes take concept mode reproduction as their common paradigm also a functionalist approach, even if detailed research may reveal that it was not external forces, older ...

The Swedish 18th-century naturalist Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus is habitually credited with laying the foundations of modern taxonomy through the invention of binominal nomenclature. However, another innovation of Linnaeus' has largely gone unnoticed. He seems to have been one of the first botanists to leave his herbarium unbound, keeping the sheets of dried plants separate and stacking them in a p...

services were provided for the well to do. During the 17th and 18th Centuries the provision of private services was a growth industry, as unfortunately it has again become in the latter part of the 20th Century. The private mad houses were frequently run by charlatans and were regarded with grave suspicion. This public unease became evident towards the end of the 18th Century when the treatment...