features [ ] and [a] in place of the rural features [q] and [e] respectively in the vernacular Arabic of rural, non-migrant children and adolescents in the village of Oyoun Al-Wadi in Syria. The study shows that linguistic change in this village is moving in two opposing directions. Girls continue to use their initially acquired mothers’ urban features in their adolescent years; boys who initia...

Wadi Gaza natural reserve in Palestine is exposed to aggressive pollution activities in the form of disposing huge amounts of wastewater and solid waste a long its bed. This study was initiated to investigate the extent to which the environment of Wadi Gaza has been damaged due to these activities. The specific environmental elements investigated in this work were: groundwater, soil, and sea wa...

Language modelling for a morphologically complex language such as Arabic is a challenging task. Its agglutinative structure results in data sparsity problems and high out-of-vocabulary rates. In this work these problems are tackled by applying the MADA tools to the Arabic text. In addition to morphological decomposition, MADA performs context-dependent stem-normalisation. Thus, if word-level sy...

Morphological analysis of Arabic words allows decreasing the storage requirements of the Arabic dictionaries, more efficient encoding of diacritical Arabic text, faster spelling and efficient Optical character recognition. All these factors allow efficient storage and archival of multilingual digital libraries that include Arabic texts. This paper presents a lossless compression algorithm based...

The ambition of a character recognition system is to transform a text document typed on paper into a digital format that can be manipulated by word processor software Unlike other languages, Arabic has unique features, while other language doesn’t have, from this language these are seven or eight language such as ordo, jewie and Persian writing, Arabic has twenty eight letters, each of which ca...

It is impossible to perform root-based searching, concordancing, and grammar checking in Arabic without a method to match words with roots and vice versa. A comprehensive word list is essential for incremental searching, predictive SMS messaging, and spell checking, but due to the derivational and inflectional nature of Arabic, a comprehensive word list is taxing on storage space and access spe...

In this paper, we introduce a new approach to facilitate the calculation of relevance and noise abatement in information research systems in Arabic language. Our method is to remove morphosemantic ambiguity due to agglutination and lack of vocalization of the Arabic words. To do, we have proposed to transform words to semantic gene. The latter represent an accurate determination of the word mea...

Text processing is a vital step in the information retrieval process, text mining, and natural language processing. It includes several stages, such as normalization, stop word removal, and stemming. Stemming is the process of reducing the lexicon to its root. Due to the different structures and rules in languages, the task of stemming is language-dependent. This research introduces a new stemm...

In this paper, we describe the first tool that detects the semantic relation between Arabic named entities, henceforth RelANE. We use various supervised learning techniques to predict the word or the sequence of terms that can highlight one or more semantic relationship between two Arabic named entities. For each word in the sentence, we use its morphological, contextual and semantic features o...