Progressive reformers envisioned a therapeutic juvenile court that made individualized treatment decisions in the child's "best interests." The Supreme Court's Gault decision provided the impetus for transforming the juvenile court from an informal welfare agency into a scaled-down criminal court. Since Gault, the juvenile court procedures increasingly resemble those of adult courts, although i...

embryo donation was one of the infertility treatment methods introduced to the iranian legal system in 2003 (act of embryo donation) and its by-law passed in 2005 after numerous discussions. embryo donation is a new legal issue in iran. no similar act has been previously legislated in the legal system; however, on the other hand, the importance of the judicial procedure in its execution cannot ...

Under Australian conflict of law rules, courts can enforce foreign judgments for a sum of money, but not judgments that order a party to do or not to do an action. The article argues that the rule against enforcement of non-monetary judgments is no longer relevant in the modern world. It begins by setting out the Australian law on enforcement of foreign judgments and identifying the policies un...

Older adults are an increasingly relevant subpopulation for criminal justice policy but, as yet, are largely neglected in the relevant research. The current research addresses this by reporting on a psychometric evaluation of a measure of older adults’ Confidence in Legal Institutions (CLI). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) provided support for the unidimensionality and reliability of the mea...

Two of the principal criticisms directed against the present arrangement of our courts are that the costs are too high in controversies involving small sums of money and that the procedure in such cases is too complicated. In many states an effort has been made to remedy these defects by the establishment of special courts, of limited jurisdiction, to hear certain cases of small claims only. To...

" The state of exception, which was essentially a temporary suspension of the rule of law on the basis of a factual state of danger, is now given a permanent spatial arrangement, which as such nevertheless remains outside the normal order " (Agamben, 1995: 169). " At the border, however, the exception becomes the rule. At the border, the Australian government conduct is mostly ungoverned by sta...

This Trends and Issues is the first in a series that will focus specifically on women's issues in crime and criminal justice. The topic of premenstrual tension is a fitting, if controversial one with which to begin the series. It lacks credibility as a syndrome in certain sections of the community, and feminists fear that its use in the courts will revive biological deterministic theories of ma...

The Voter Qualifications Clause of Article I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution makes federal voting rights dependent upon participation in state elections. This Article argues that the right to vote in federal elections, as defined by Article I, incorporates both i) state constitutional law governing the right to vote and ii) the democratic norms that existed within the states at the founding...

In light of Supreme Court decisions limiting diversity-related admissions processes, a growing body of research has been conducted to ascertain academic benefits that come from cross-racial interactions (CRIs) that can occur only when there is diversity in the student body. The majority of this research has focused on student CRIs that occur outside of the classroom. Few studies have focused on...