14 In the Barents Sea and adjacent water, fishing grounds are closed for shrimp 15 fishing by the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries Monitoring and Surveillance Ser16 vice (MSS) if the expected number of juvenile fish caught are predicted to exceed 17 a certain limit per kilogram shrimp (Pandalus borealis). Today, a simple ratio es18 timator, which do not fully utilize all data available, is in...

This study investigated potential finfish reduction devices (BRDs) for shrimp trawls. The major objective was to perform proof-of-concept studies of selected bycatch reduction devices and determine if any would be candidates for future in-depth evaluations for federal certification. Prototypes of new BRDs were obtained from shrimp fishermen, NOAA Fisheries staff, foreign assessments and univers...

The concept of biodiversity offsets is well established as an approach to environmental management. The concept has been suggested for environmental management in fisheries, particularly in relation to the substantial numbers of non-target species--seabirds in particular--caught and killed as incidental bycatch during fishing activities. Substantial areas of fisheries are being closed to protec...

2 Summary Bycatch is a critical source of mortality for marine species, including endangered species, heavily fished commercial and recreational target species, and many species of so-called " trash fish " whose importance in marine food webs is now being recognized. Whether management objectives include conservation or fisheries yield s, adequate measurement of at-sea mortality is a necessary ...

Social networks can profoundly affect human behavior, which is the primary force driving environmental change. However, empirical evidence linking microlevel social interactions to large-scale environmental outcomes has remained scarce. Here, we leverage comprehensive data on information-sharing networks among large-scale commercial tuna fishers to examine how social networks relate to shark by...

Sustainability of living resource exploitation relies on an ecosystem management approach. Within tropical tuna purse seine fisheries using fish aggregating devices (FADs), such an approach incorporates the reduction of bycatch, in particular vulnerable species such as elasmobranchs. The levels of total bycatch (in mass) from fishing operations using FADs is known to be five times higher than w...

this study was conducted for estimation of bycatch shrimp trawl from fishing grounds of hormozganprovince.sampling operation was carried by commercial trawler around hormoz and qeshm islandduring fishing season in october and november 2012. towing duration was between 1 to 3.5h(2±0.08h). contribution of bycatch and target species was 86.26% (18918.80 kg) and 13.74%(3014.22kg) respectively. by-c...

Bycatch of protected species in commercial fishing operations is a primary concern to fishery managers because it threatens the conservation, protection, and recovery of fragile species, such as the Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus). One potential solution to reduce the risk associated with commercial fishing operations is to design commercial fishing gear that is more selecti...

Small-scale fisheries are responsible for high numbers of animals caught as bycatch, such as turtles, cetaceans, and seals. Bycatch and its associated mortality is a major conservation challenge for these species and is considered undesirable by fishermen. To gain insights on the impact of bycatch on small-scale fishermen and put it in context with other financial and environmental challenges t...

Decompression sickness (DCS), as clinically diagnosed by reversal of symptoms with recompression, has never been reported in aquatic breath-hold diving vertebrates despite the occurrence of tissue gas tensions sufficient for bubble formation and injury in terrestrial animals. Similarly to diving mammals, sea turtles manage gas exchange and decompression through anatomical, physiological, and be...