During the early 2000s governments in Russia, Poland and Hungary declared demographic crises adopted pro-natalist programmes to increase fertility, as well policies support families with children. Our article compares their ‘flagship’ programmes: Russia’s Maternity Capital, Poland’s Family 500+, Hungary’s enhanced earned income tax credit, all framed by governments’ neo-familialist discourses. ...

introduction: it is important to evaluate the orodental health status in preschool children. the aim of this study was to assess the orodental health status in preschool children in fardis in alborz province. materials  & methods: this cross-sectional/descriptive study was carried out using direct observation and examination of 940 randomly selected preschool children in fardis in alborz provin...

Background: A common, early postpartum concern of the breastfeeding mother is nipple pain. Because of a lack of effective treatment and opposing results about lanolin, we decided to compare the effect of lanolin ointment and aloe Vera gel on nipple soreness treatment. Methods: This clinical blind trial was performed in Mashhad, Iran, from February 2008 to May 2009. Sampling was nonrandom and pu...

Drawing upon the work-home resources model, this study examined the implications of mothers' evening and weekend shifts for youths' time with mother, alone, and hanging out with peers unsupervised, with attention to both the amount and day-to-day consistency of time use. Data came from 173 mothers who worked in the long-term care industry and their youths who provided daily diaries. Multilevel ...

introduction junk food, due to the lack of vitamins, minerals and trace amounts of energy and protein, there is the risk that the child's stomach filled and by reducing her/his appetite, reduce the chance of nutritious foods. so it is necessary to determine the relationship between using of junk food with growth rate in children. materials and methods this cross-sectional descriptive-analy...

This study compared the balance between effort (E) and reward (R) among physicians and nurses working in pediatric (PED) and neonatal (NEO) Intensive Care Units. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 37 physicians and 20 nurses. The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire was used. Statistically significant differences were not found among physicians (p>0.05) or nurses from ...

The Roman imperial monarchy is generally studied from the vantage point of ancient Roman history: the “Roman emperor” is viewed and analyzed as an element of the Roman world. This conventional approach fails to place this institution in a broader comparative context, that of monarchical rulers across world history. Systematic comparison opens up new perspectives and is indispensable in identify...

Background and aim:  The stress resulting from premature delivery and the related neonatal care induces psychological and physical pressure on the mothers, and adversely affects their feeling of comfort. It seems that spiritual care as a sort of communication with a higher power (God) can bring peace to the stressed mothers, and prevent anxiety. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate th...

background:   to find out if there is an association between levels of salivary mutans streptococci (ms)   materials and methods:   t -test were used to find differences between groups. p   results:   p   p   p   conclusion:   present study showed a strong association between maternal and child salivary   ms levels indicating that mother’s ms count could be an important risk indicator for ecc d...

generation gap is now taken for granted especially in a society with a young population. many believe that the transfer of values and culture from the former generation to the new generation is now facing serious problems, so much so that the new generation is no longer committed to the values of the former generation. this paper is concerned with the attitude of mothers and daughters towards t...