Distance to school and car ownership were principal determinants of car travel. After adjustment for these factors, children at independent schools were still more likely to travel by car. Parental fear about “stranger danger” also influenced the decision to drive children to school. Although few translated questionnaires were requested, the study population adequately represented the ethnic di...

The Roman imperial monarchy is generally studied from the vantage point of ancient Roman history: the “Roman emperor” is viewed and analyzed as an element of the Roman world. This conventional approach fails to place this institution in a broader comparative context, that of monarchical rulers across world history. Systematic comparison opens up new perspectives and is indispensable in identify...

The range and physical size of an object may be determined from a sequence of image size measurements as an object is approached. The inverse image size is linear with the distance travelled by the camera. A recursive (Kalman) estimator is used to give the object range and size. Results are presented for an example image sequence.

Road transport taxation in Europe is undergoing a major and radical shift away from fixed charges and fuel duties towards pricing according to distance travelled and externalities produced. Implementation is underway in some states, change being led by national schemes for the freight sector only. The UK is considering such a system for implementation by 2008, to use global positioning system t...

The spreading of wave packets evolving under the Anderson Hamiltonian on the Bethe Lattice is studied for small disorder. The mean square distance travelled by a particle in a time t is shown to grow as t 2 for large t.

This paper presents the theoretical aspects and a preliminary experimental validation of a criterion for determining the best observation positions for robot map building, intended as a particular environmental measurement task. The proposed criterion takes into account both the distance travelled and the information gathered by the robot.

Absrnct In this paper we present experimental rtsults of autonomous walking experiments with the Ambler, a six-legged robot configured for autonomous traversal of Mars-like terrain. We describe the d t s in terns of terrain traversed, number of steps taken, distance travelled, Vial duration, and walking spced.

As autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) enter operational service an assessment of their reliability is timely. Using the Autosub AUV as an example, several design issues affecting reliability are discussed, followed by an analysis of recorded faults. Perhaps contrary to expectations, failures rarely involved the autonomous nature of the vehicle. Rather, faults were typical of those that occur...

A multi-vehicle search strategy based on the simplex algorithm is proposed. The strategy is decomposed into a hierarchical scheme with three layers. The upper layer is described by a discrete-event system. The output of this layer is a set of way-points for the vehicles and it is used by the middle layer in order to coordinate the motion of the vehicles. The lower layer drives each vehicle to a...